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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Nano Letters

Magnetism beyond the Monolayer: Long-Range Order in an Interfacial Phase of CoBr2

  • Samuel Kerschbaumer1,2
  • David Serrate3,4
  • Adriana Elizabet Candia1,5,6
  • Andrea Aguirre1
  • Danilo Longo7
  • Fadi Choueikani8
  • Jorge Lobo-Checa3,4
  • Pavel Jelínek9
  • Maxim Ilyn1
  • Celia Rogero1
  • Sebastien E. Hadjadj1
9 affiliations
  1. 1Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC/UPV-EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
  2. 2Christine Technologies Inc., Sacramento, California 95811, United States
  3. 3Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
  4. 4Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
  5. 5Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
  6. 6Instituto de Física del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (IFIS-Litoral, CONICET-UNL), 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
  7. 7CIC nanoGUNE-BRTA, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
  8. 8Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
  9. 9FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Abstract

Transition metal dihalides are promising magnetic van der Waals materials because of their structural simplicity, chemical stability, and compatibility with nanofabrication. While magnetic order in these systems is typically associated with bulk-like monolayers, its relation to interfacial phases remains largely unexplored. Here we show that in CoBr2 grown on Au(111), long-range magnetic order already emerges in a structurally distinct interfacial precursor phase, prior to the formation of the bulk-like monolayer. During growth, this phase evolves into the monolayer, accompanied by a transition from molecular-like states to semiconducting behavior. Spin-resolved STM reveals an inhomogeneous in-plane magnetic response that is locally suppressed by point defects, whereas macroscopic XMCD demonstrates robust long-range order with pronounced in-plane anisotropy. These results establish that long-range magnetic order in CoBr2 does not require an ideal bulk-like monolayer but can emerge from interfacial phases with distinct electronic and structural properties, enabling magnetism beyond the monolayer limit.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{kerschbaumer2026magnetism,
  title = {{Magnetism beyond the Monolayer: Long-Range Order in an Interfacial Phase of CoBr2}},
  author = {Samuel Kerschbaumer and David Serrate and Adriana Elizabet Candia and Andrea Aguirre and Danilo Longo and Fadi Choueikani and Jorge Lobo-Checa and Pavel Jelínek and Maxim Ilyn and Celia Rogero and Sebastien E. Hadjadj},
  journal = {Nano Letters},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c03267},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c03267},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Magnetism beyond the Monolayer: Long-Range Order in an Interfacial Phase of CoBr2
AU  - Samuel Kerschbaumer
AU  - David Serrate
AU  - Adriana Elizabet Candia
AU  - Andrea Aguirre
AU  - Danilo Longo
AU  - Fadi Choueikani
AU  - Jorge Lobo-Checa
AU  - Pavel Jelínek
AU  - Maxim Ilyn
AU  - Celia Rogero
AU  - Sebastien E. Hadjadj
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/19
JO  - Nano Letters
DO  - 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c03267
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c03267
AB  - Transition metal dihalides are promising magnetic van der Waals materials because of their structural simplicity, chemical stability, and compatibility with nanofabrication. While magnetic order in these systems is typically associated with bulk-like monolayers, its relation to interfacial phases remains largely unexplored. Here we show that in CoBr2 grown on Au(111), long-range magnetic order already emerges in a structurally distinct interfacial precursor phase, prior to the formation of the bulk-like monolayer. During growth, this phase evolves into the monolayer, accompanied by a transition from molecular-like states to semiconducting behavior. Spin-resolved STM reveals an inhomogeneous in-plane magnetic response that is locally suppressed by point defects, whereas macroscopic XMCD demonstrates robust long-range order with pronounced in-plane anisotropy. These results establish that long-range magnetic order in CoBr2 does not require an ideal bulk-like monolayer but can emerge from interfacial phases with distinct electronic and structural properties, enabling magnetism beyond the monolayer limit.
SN  - 1530-6984
SN  - 1530-6992
ER  -