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Peer-reviewedCC BYCancer cell international

Capsaicin enhances chemosensitivity and mitigates MMP11-driven aggressiveness in human bladder cancer.

  • Te-Fu Tsai1,2
  • Hao-Chiun Chang3,4
  • Yen-You Lin5
  • Yen-Chen Chen6,7
  • Win-Ping Deng8,9
  • Thomas I-Sheng Hwang1,2,10
  • Kuang-Yu Chou1,2
  • Chao-Yen Ho1,11
  • Hung-En Chen1
  • Chih-Hsin Tang12,13,14
  • Shih-Wei Wang15,16
  • An-Chen Chang17,18,19
19 affiliations
  1. 1Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 111045, Taiwan, ROC.
  2. 2Division of Urology, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, 242062, Taiwan, ROC.
  3. 3Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical University, New Taipei, 252005, Taiwan, ROC.
  4. 4Division of Sports Medicine & Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, 104217, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
  5. 5Translational Medicine Center, Research Department, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 111045, Taiwan, ROC.
  6. 6Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC.
  7. 7Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan, ROC.
  8. 8School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan, ROC.
  9. 9Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan, ROC.
  10. 10Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan, ROC.
  11. 11Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan, ROC.
  12. 12Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC.
  13. 13Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC.
  14. 14Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 413305, Taiwan, ROC.
  15. 15Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical University, New Taipei, 252005, Taiwan, ROC.
  16. 16School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan, ROC.
  17. 17Translational Medicine Center, Research Department, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 111045, Taiwan, ROC. [email protected].
  18. 18Stem Cell Research Center, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan, ROC. [email protected].
  19. 19School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No.250, Wuxing St., Xinyi Dist, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan, ROC. [email protected].
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Abstract

Bladder cancer (BLCA) is the second most common malignant cancer of the male urological system. BLCA is characterized by a high rate of recurrence. Capsaicin is increasingly being used in cancer treatment. This study analyzed the inhibitory effects of capsaicin on cell invasiveness and examined whether capsaicin enhances the chemosensitivity of BLCA. High concentrations of capsaicin induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Co-administration of capsaicin with various chemotherapy drugs (cisplatin, epirubicin, and mitomycin C) increased cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. At lower concentrations, capsaicin effectively inhibited cell invasiveness by downregulating MMP11 expression. Mechanistically, capsaicin suppressed MMP11 expression through the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor and the p38/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/c-Jun signaling pathway. Functional analysis revealed a positive correlation between the expression level of MMP11 and various ontogenetic properties of BLCA. MMP11 expression was positively correlated with clinical staging, muscle-invasive bladder cancer, lymphatic metastasis, and poor prognosis in patients with BLCA. These findings suggest that MMP11 has potential as a clinical prognostic marker for BLCA. Finally, capsaicin demonstrated significant tumor growth suppression and enhanced chemosensitivity in vivo. Taken together, capsaicin may promote apoptosis, inhibit cell invasion in vitro, and suppress tumor growth in vivo. Combining capsaicin with first-line chemotherapeutic drugs may enhance their efficacy against BLCA, and therefore, which indicates that capsaicin has promise as a clinical medication.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{tsai2026capsaicin,
  title = {{Capsaicin enhances chemosensitivity and mitigates MMP11-driven aggressiveness in human bladder cancer.}},
  author = {Te-Fu Tsai and Hao-Chiun Chang and Yen-You Lin and Yen-Chen Chen and Win-Ping Deng and Thomas I-Sheng Hwang and Kuang-Yu Chou and Chao-Yen Ho and Hung-En Chen and Chih-Hsin Tang and Shih-Wei Wang and An-Chen Chang},
  journal = {Cancer cell international},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  doi = {10.1186/s12935-026-04397-x},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42908026},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Capsaicin enhances chemosensitivity and mitigates MMP11-driven aggressiveness in human bladder cancer.
AU  - Te-Fu Tsai
AU  - Hao-Chiun Chang
AU  - Yen-You Lin
AU  - Yen-Chen Chen
AU  - Win-Ping Deng
AU  - Thomas I-Sheng Hwang
AU  - Kuang-Yu Chou
AU  - Chao-Yen Ho
AU  - Hung-En Chen
AU  - Chih-Hsin Tang
AU  - Shih-Wei Wang
AU  - An-Chen Chang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/01
JO  - Cancer cell international
DO  - 10.1186/s12935-026-04397-x
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42908026
AB  - Bladder cancer (BLCA) is the second most common malignant cancer of the male urological system. BLCA is characterized by a high rate of recurrence. Capsaicin is increasingly being used in cancer treatment. This study analyzed the inhibitory effects of capsaicin on cell invasiveness and examined whether capsaicin enhances the chemosensitivity of BLCA. High concentrations of capsaicin induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Co-administration of capsaicin with various chemotherapy drugs (cisplatin, epirubicin, and mitomycin C) increased cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. At lower concentrations, capsaicin effectively inhibited cell invasiveness by downregulating MMP11 expression. Mechanistically, capsaicin suppressed MMP11 expression through the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor and the p38/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/c-Jun signaling pathway. Functional analysis revealed a positive correlation between the expression level of MMP11 and various ontogenetic properties of BLCA. MMP11 expression was positively correlated with clinical staging, muscle-invasive bladder cancer, lymphatic metastasis, and poor prognosis in patients with BLCA. These findings suggest that MMP11 has potential as a clinical prognostic marker for BLCA. Finally, capsaicin demonstrated significant tumor growth suppression and enhanced chemosensitivity in vivo. Taken together, capsaicin may promote apoptosis, inhibit cell invasion in vitro, and suppress tumor growth in vivo. Combining capsaicin with first-line chemotherapeutic drugs may enhance their efficacy against BLCA, and therefore, which indicates that capsaicin has promise as a clinical medication.
SN  - 1475-2867
ER  -