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Peer-reviewedCC BYScientific Reports

A dynamic property index for compaction state assessment of highway subgrade with soil-shale mixtures: in-situ compaction tests

  • Jie Fan1
  • Zhengsong Xiang2
  • Junjie Zheng3
  • Changwei Yang1
  • Baorui Hou1
  • Mao Yue1
  1. 1School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University
  2. 2Sichuan Road & Bridge (Group) Co., Ltd
  3. 3School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University
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Abstract

Intelligent Compaction (IC) technology assesses the continuous compaction quality of highway subgrades by monitoring the vibratory response of the roller drum. Existing models often fail to directly incorporate geomaterial properties, limiting their ability to characterize non-uniform states within complex mixed-fill materials. This study develops a dynamic constitutive model for soil-shale mixtures and proposes a calculation method for the Dynamic Property Index (DPI) to quantify structural damage and subgrade deterioration under dynamic loading. Twelve sets of in-situ subgrade compaction tests were conducted across varying operational parameters for validation. Results indicate that the Compaction Meter Value (CMV) correlates positively with the number of rolling passes and vibration intensity, whereas roller speed and loose lift thickness exert minimal influence. DPI effectively quantifies local subgrade states, with its standard deviation serving as a robust indicator of geomaterial uniformity and degradation. While CMV exhibits greater stability and provides a clearer representation of the overall compaction degree, DPI is more sensitive to localized damage, making it suitable for identifying over-compaction or local weak spots. Integrating CMV and DPI enables more comprehensive and intelligent continuous quality control in practical subgrade compaction.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{fan2026dynamic,
  title = {{A dynamic property index for compaction state assessment of highway subgrade with soil-shale mixtures: in-situ compaction tests}},
  author = {Jie Fan and Zhengsong Xiang and Junjie Zheng and Changwei Yang and Baorui Hou and Mao Yue},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  year = {2026},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-67999-5},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-67999-5},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - A dynamic property index for compaction state assessment of highway subgrade with soil-shale mixtures: in-situ compaction tests
AU  - Jie Fan
AU  - Zhengsong Xiang
AU  - Junjie Zheng
AU  - Changwei Yang
AU  - Baorui Hou
AU  - Mao Yue
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/01
JO  - Scientific Reports
DO  - 10.1038/s41598-026-67999-5
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-67999-5
AB  - Intelligent Compaction (IC) technology assesses the continuous compaction quality of highway subgrades by monitoring the vibratory response of the roller drum. Existing models often fail to directly incorporate geomaterial properties, limiting their ability to characterize non-uniform states within complex mixed-fill materials. This study develops a dynamic constitutive model for soil-shale mixtures and proposes a calculation method for the Dynamic Property Index (DPI) to quantify structural damage and subgrade deterioration under dynamic loading. Twelve sets of in-situ subgrade compaction tests were conducted across varying operational parameters for validation. Results indicate that the Compaction Meter Value (CMV) correlates positively with the number of rolling passes and vibration intensity, whereas roller speed and loose lift thickness exert minimal influence. DPI effectively quantifies local subgrade states, with its standard deviation serving as a robust indicator of geomaterial uniformity and degradation. While CMV exhibits greater stability and provides a clearer representation of the overall compaction degree, DPI is more sensitive to localized damage, making it suitable for identifying over-compaction or local weak spots. Integrating CMV and DPI enables more comprehensive and intelligent continuous quality control in practical subgrade compaction.
SN  - 2045-2322
ER  -