Long-term Effectiveness, Treatment Persistence, and Timing of Virological Failure With Long-Acting Cabotegravir Plus Rilpivirine in Real-World HIV Care: RELATIVITY Cohort.

@article{buzon2026longterm,
  title = {{Long-term Effectiveness, Treatment Persistence, and Timing of Virological Failure With Long-Acting Cabotegravir Plus Rilpivirine in Real-World HIV Care: RELATIVITY Cohort.}},
  author = {Luis Buzón and Noemí Cabello-Clotet and María Luisa Montes and María José Galindo and Rosa María Martínez and Mireia Santacreu and María Remedios-Alemán and Miguel Torralba and Francisco Fanjul and Manuel Gutiérrez-Cuadra and Adrián Rodríguez and María José Crusells and María Navarro and María Aguilera-García and Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio and Luis Enrique Morano and David Vinuesa and Enrique Bernal-Morell and Carlos de Andrés and Hadrián Pernas and Juan Tiraboschi and Alejandro Bendala and María Jesús Vivancos and Cristina Díez and Guillermo Soria and Desiré Pérez and Mireia Cairó and Alberto Romero and Rebeca Cabo and Josefa Soler and María Antonia Sepúlveda and Joaquín Bravo and Cristina Escrich and Eva Ferreira and Beatriz Valentín and Magdalena Muelas and Ana Lucas-Dato and Albert Gómez and Ana Cerezales and Juan Emilio Losa and José Sanz and Mar Masía and Juan José Corte-García and Ana Antolí and Juan Carlos Gainzarain and Miriam Estébanez and Patricia Barragán and Marta Clavero and Óscar Ferrero and Jesús Troya and RELATIVITY Cohort and RELATIVITY Cohort},
  journal = {Open forum infectious diseases},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1093/ofid/ofag622},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42908902},
  note = {CC BY},
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Long-term Effectiveness, Treatment Persistence, and Timing of Virological Failure With Long-Acting Cabotegravir Plus Rilpivirine in Real-World HIV Care: RELATIVITY Cohort.
AU  - Luis Buzón
AU  - Noemí Cabello-Clotet
AU  - María Luisa Montes
AU  - María José Galindo
AU  - Rosa María Martínez
AU  - Mireia Santacreu
AU  - María Remedios-Alemán
AU  - Miguel Torralba
AU  - Francisco Fanjul
AU  - Manuel Gutiérrez-Cuadra
AU  - Adrián Rodríguez
AU  - María José Crusells
AU  - María Navarro
AU  - María Aguilera-García
AU  - Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio
AU  - Luis Enrique Morano
AU  - David Vinuesa
AU  - Enrique Bernal-Morell
AU  - Carlos de Andrés
AU  - Hadrián Pernas
AU  - Juan Tiraboschi
AU  - Alejandro Bendala
AU  - María Jesús Vivancos
AU  - Cristina Díez
AU  - Guillermo Soria
AU  - Desiré Pérez
AU  - Mireia Cairó
AU  - Alberto Romero
AU  - Rebeca Cabo
AU  - Josefa Soler
AU  - María Antonia Sepúlveda
AU  - Joaquín Bravo
AU  - Cristina Escrich
AU  - Eva Ferreira
AU  - Beatriz Valentín
AU  - Magdalena Muelas
AU  - Ana Lucas-Dato
AU  - Albert Gómez
AU  - Ana Cerezales
AU  - Juan Emilio Losa
AU  - José Sanz
AU  - Mar Masía
AU  - Juan José Corte-García
AU  - Ana Antolí
AU  - Juan Carlos Gainzarain
AU  - Miriam Estébanez
AU  - Patricia Barragán
AU  - Marta Clavero
AU  - Óscar Ferrero
AU  - Jesús Troya
AU  - RELATIVITY Cohort
AU  - RELATIVITY Cohort
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/21
JO  - Open forum infectious diseases
DO  - 10.1093/ofid/ofag622
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42908902
AB  - Background  Long-acting injectable cabotegravir plus rilpivirine (CAB + RPV LA) is an established maintenance option for virologically suppressed people with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), but long-term real-world persistence and virological failure (VF) data remain limited.Methods  RELATIVITY is an ongoing nationwide ambispective multicenter cohort of adults with HIV who switched from suppressive oral antiretroviral therapy to CAB + RPV LA in routine care in Spain. Data through 1 March 2026 were analyzed. The outcomes were virological suppression, treatment persistence, protocol-defined VF, and time to discontinuation-related events. Virological failure was defined as 2 consecutive HIV-1 RNA values ≥200 copies/mL or 1 value ≥500 copies/mL prompting discontinuation.Results  Among 3349 participants, 3343 had valid follow-up dates; the median follow-up was 25.1 months (19.3-30.8). Virological suppression was documented in 3197/3349 (95.5%) overall and 3197/3309 (96.6%) with an evaluable closest viral load; 40 (1.2%) lacked an evaluable value. Injection adherence was ≥90% in 3257/3280 (99.3%) evaluable participants. Overall, 2979/3349 (89.0%) remained on CAB + RPV LA. Virological failure occurred in 28/3349 (0.8%); 20/28 (71.4%) occurred within the first 12 months after switching. Emergent integrase strand transfer inhibitor and/or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance was detected in 19/28 VF cases, and 24/28 achieved virological suppression after switching to oral therapy. Treatment-limiting injection-site reactions and systemic adverse events occurred in 2.4% and 1.6%, respectively.Conclusions  Long-acting injectable cabotegravir plus rilpivirine showed high virological suppression and persistence beyond 2 years in routine care. Virological failure was uncommon and clustered mainly within 12 months, supporting early virological monitoring and prompt resistance-guided management.
SN  - 2328-8957
ER  -