Ethosome-based drug delivery system for precision targeting and tumour microenvironment reprogramming in non-invasive skin cancer therapy.
6 affiliations
- 1Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201308, India.
- 2RAK College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.
- 3College of Pharmacy, Dubai Medical University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
- 4School of Engineering and IT, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. [email protected].
- 5Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, 244001, India.
- 6Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201308, India. [email protected].
Abstract
The non-invasive skin cancer, especially that of the basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, is an increasing global health burden. Traditional methods of treatment, such as surgery, cryotherapy, and topical chemotherapeutics, are all limited by poor penetration into the skin, non-specific drug delivery, cosmetic destruction, and tumour reappearance. Moreover, the tumour microenvironment (TME) significantly contributes to disease progression through inflammation, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and therapeutic resistance, underscoring the need for more advanced, targeted treatment methods. The purpose of this review is to critically analyse the applications of the ethosome-based drug delivery system in the precision targeting and reprogramming of the TME in the treatment of non-invasive skin cancer. Ethosomes have better skin permeability and local drug delivery than standard topical systems. They also facilitate easy access to a wide variety of therapeutic agents, allowing specific interactions with tumour tissue and other critical components of the TME, leading to better therapeutic effects with fewer off-target effects. The ethosome-based drug delivery system is an attractive non-invasive therapeutic platform for managing skin cancer by efficiently reprogramming the TME via transdermal delivery. Although they have preclinical evidence supporting their potential, they need additional clinical validation and regulatory standardisation to be successfully translated into clinical use.
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BibTeX
@article{porwal2026ethosomebased,
title = {{Ethosome-based drug delivery system for precision targeting and tumour microenvironment reprogramming in non-invasive skin cancer therapy.}},
author = {Madhavi Porwal and Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar and Javedh Shareef and Tarun Wadhwa and Balamurugan Balusamy and Phool Chandra and Rishabha Malviya},
journal = {Discover nano},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1186/s11671-026-04738-9},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42911357},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Ethosome-based drug delivery system for precision targeting and tumour microenvironment reprogramming in non-invasive skin cancer therapy.
AU - Madhavi Porwal
AU - Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar
AU - Javedh Shareef
AU - Tarun Wadhwa
AU - Balamurugan Balusamy
AU - Phool Chandra
AU - Rishabha Malviya
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/22
JO - Discover nano
DO - 10.1186/s11671-026-04738-9
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42911357
AB - The non-invasive skin cancer, especially that of the basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, is an increasing global health burden. Traditional methods of treatment, such as surgery, cryotherapy, and topical chemotherapeutics, are all limited by poor penetration into the skin, non-specific drug delivery, cosmetic destruction, and tumour reappearance. Moreover, the tumour microenvironment (TME) significantly contributes to disease progression through inflammation, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and therapeutic resistance, underscoring the need for more advanced, targeted treatment methods. The purpose of this review is to critically analyse the applications of the ethosome-based drug delivery system in the precision targeting and reprogramming of the TME in the treatment of non-invasive skin cancer. Ethosomes have better skin permeability and local drug delivery than standard topical systems. They also facilitate easy access to a wide variety of therapeutic agents, allowing specific interactions with tumour tissue and other critical components of the TME, leading to better therapeutic effects with fewer off-target effects. The ethosome-based drug delivery system is an attractive non-invasive therapeutic platform for managing skin cancer by efficiently reprogramming the TME via transdermal delivery. Although they have preclinical evidence supporting their potential, they need additional clinical validation and regulatory standardisation to be successfully translated into clinical use.
SN - 2731-9229
ER -