Rethinking autophagy during odontogenesis through autophagic flux.
- 1Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), SP, Brazil.
- 2National Institute of Science and Technology in Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (INCT-DOHad Brasil).
Abstract
Tooth development requires precise coordination of proliferation, differentiation, and tissue remodeling. Although macroautophagy/autophagy has been implicated in odontogenesis, its dynamic regulation during embryonic tooth development remains poorly understood because previous studies relied primarily on static markers. In our recent study, we analyzed autophagic flux in mouse tooth germs using a tandem fluorescent reporter of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) combined with lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) immunostaining and found that gestational protein restriction altered the autophagic vesicle profile in a stage- and compartment-specific manner. The most pronounced alterations occurred at the bud stage and coincided with reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. These findings suggest that early odontogenesis is a particularly vulnerable window in which efficient and properly timed autophagic flux may be required for morphogenesis. Because tandem reporters cannot distinguish canonical autophagy from non-degradative LC3-dependent pathways, we also discuss this limitation and raise new questions about the role of autophagy in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
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BibTeX
@article{calsa2026rethinking,
title = {{Rethinking autophagy during odontogenesis through autophagic flux.}},
author = {Bruno Calsa and Patrícia Aline Boer},
journal = {Autophagy reports},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1080/27694127.2026.2748072},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42904186},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Rethinking autophagy during odontogenesis through autophagic flux.
AU - Bruno Calsa
AU - Patrícia Aline Boer
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/16
JO - Autophagy reports
DO - 10.1080/27694127.2026.2748072
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42904186
AB - Tooth development requires precise coordination of proliferation, differentiation, and tissue remodeling. Although macroautophagy/autophagy has been implicated in odontogenesis, its dynamic regulation during embryonic tooth development remains poorly understood because previous studies relied primarily on static markers. In our recent study, we analyzed autophagic flux in mouse tooth germs using a tandem fluorescent reporter of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) combined with lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) immunostaining and found that gestational protein restriction altered the autophagic vesicle profile in a stage- and compartment-specific manner. The most pronounced alterations occurred at the bud stage and coincided with reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. These findings suggest that early odontogenesis is a particularly vulnerable window in which efficient and properly timed autophagic flux may be required for morphogenesis. Because tandem reporters cannot distinguish canonical autophagy from non-degradative LC3-dependent pathways, we also discuss this limitation and raise new questions about the role of autophagy in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.
SN - 2769-4127
ER -