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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the D-Type Cyclin Gene Family Suggests Its Potential Involvement in Zigzag Stem Formation in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis)

  • Haoran Gao1
  • Saijun Li2,3
  • Jihua Duan2,3
  • Yuhong Chen2,3
  • Yu Lei2,3
  • Ding Ding2,3
  • Nianci Xie2,3
  • Na Tian1
  • Jing Yu2,3
  1. 1College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
  2. 2Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
  3. 3Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410125, China
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Abstract

Zigzag-shaped stems are a distinctive architectural trait in tea plants (Camellia sinensis), but their underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. D-type cyclins (CYCDs) regulate cell-cycle progression and proliferation, yet their roles in tea plant architecture remain unexplored. Here, we compared the zigzag-stemmed cultivar Lianyuanqiqu with the upright-stemmed cultivar Zhuyeqi using phenotypic, anatomical, lignin, and transcriptomic analyses and characterized the CsCYCD gene family genome-wide. Lianyuanqiqu exhibited locally shortened first internodes, curled leaves, and altered tissue organization, whereas lignin content did not differ significantly between cultivars. Transcriptome analysis identified 4786 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), significantly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction. Genome-wide analysis identified 22 CsCYCD genes belonging to six subgroups, with conserved gene structures and promoter cis-regulatory elements associated with hormone responses, growth, and cell cycle regulation. Expression profiling revealed that most differentially expressed CsCYCD genes, particularly members of the CsCYCD3 subgroup, were downregulated in zigzag stems, whereas CsCYCD1;2 was significantly upregulated. These findings provide the first genome-wide characterization of the CsCYCD gene family in tea plants and suggest its potential involvement in zigzag stem formation, offering insights into the molecular regulation of tea plant architecture.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{gao2026genomewide,
  title = {{Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the D-Type Cyclin Gene Family Suggests Its Potential Involvement in Zigzag Stem Formation in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis)}},
  author = {Haoran Gao and Saijun Li and Jihua Duan and Yuhong Chen and Yu Lei and Ding Ding and Nianci Xie and Na Tian and Jing Yu},
  journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.3390/ijms272110021},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/10021},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the D-Type Cyclin Gene Family Suggests Its Potential Involvement in Zigzag Stem Formation in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis)
AU  - Haoran Gao
AU  - Saijun Li
AU  - Jihua Duan
AU  - Yuhong Chen
AU  - Yu Lei
AU  - Ding Ding
AU  - Nianci Xie
AU  - Na Tian
AU  - Jing Yu
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/09
JO  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO  - 10.3390/ijms272110021
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/10021
AB  - Zigzag-shaped stems are a distinctive architectural trait in tea plants (Camellia sinensis), but their underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. D-type cyclins (CYCDs) regulate cell-cycle progression and proliferation, yet their roles in tea plant architecture remain unexplored. Here, we compared the zigzag-stemmed cultivar Lianyuanqiqu with the upright-stemmed cultivar Zhuyeqi using phenotypic, anatomical, lignin, and transcriptomic analyses and characterized the CsCYCD gene family genome-wide. Lianyuanqiqu exhibited locally shortened first internodes, curled leaves, and altered tissue organization, whereas lignin content did not differ significantly between cultivars. Transcriptome analysis identified 4786 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), significantly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction. Genome-wide analysis identified 22 CsCYCD genes belonging to six subgroups, with conserved gene structures and promoter cis-regulatory elements associated with hormone responses, growth, and cell cycle regulation. Expression profiling revealed that most differentially expressed CsCYCD genes, particularly members of the CsCYCD3 subgroup, were downregulated in zigzag stems, whereas CsCYCD1;2 was significantly upregulated. These findings provide the first genome-wide characterization of the CsCYCD gene family in tea plants and suggest its potential involvement in zigzag stem formation, offering insights into the molecular regulation of tea plant architecture.
SN  - 1422-0067
ER  -