Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethyl Acetate and Methanol Extracts of Crotalaria biflora (Linn.) Whole Plant in Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. Moopen's College of Pharmacy, Naseera Nagar, Meppadi, Wayanad, Kerala, India — 673577
Abstract
Background: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose is a major cause of drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Crotalaria biflora (Linn.) is traditionally used medicinally, but its pharmacological properties remain poorly characterised. Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of ethyl acetate (EECB) and methanol (MECB) extracts of the whole plant of C. biflora against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxiciMethods: Successive Soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol yielded four extracts. EECB and MECB were selected based on DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP assays. Acute oral toxicity was assessed according to OECD 423. Seven groups of Wistar rats (n=6) were treated for four weeks. Hepatotoxicity was induced with paracetamol (1000 mg·kg⁻¹, p.o., twice weekly), with silymarin (100 mg·kg⁻¹) as standard. Lipid profile, bilirubin, liver enzymes, and liver histopathology were evaluated. Results: MECB showed the highest antioxidant activity (DPPH IC₅₀: [A] µg/mL; FRAP: [B] µmol Fe²⁺ equivalent/g), followed by EECB (IC₅₀: [C] µg/mL; FRAP: [D] µmol Fe²⁺ equivalent/g). Both extracts significantly (p<0.05) reduced paracetamol-induced elevations in cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, bilirubin, ALP, SGOT, and SGPT and improved HDL dose-dependently. MECB (400 mg·kg⁻¹) produced the greatest hepatoprotective effect, comparable to silymarin. Histopathology showed reduced hepatocellular necrosis, vacuolisation, and sinusoidal dilation. Conclusion: MECB at 400 mg·kg⁻¹ demonstrated significant hepatoprotective activity, supporting further investigation of its bioactive phytoconstituents.
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BibTeX
@article{kumar2026hepatoprotective,
title = {{Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethyl Acetate and Methanol Extracts of Crotalaria biflora (Linn.) Whole Plant in Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats}},
author = {Anoob Kumar KI and Swamivel Manickam and Sudhi BS and Rincy K and Lal Prasanth M L},
journal = {International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
doi = {10.26452/ijrps.v17i2.4419},
url = {https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v17i2.4419},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethyl Acetate and Methanol Extracts of Crotalaria biflora (Linn.) Whole Plant in Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats
AU - Anoob Kumar KI
AU - Swamivel Manickam
AU - Sudhi BS
AU - Rincy K
AU - Lal Prasanth M L
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/01
JO - International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences
DO - 10.26452/ijrps.v17i2.4419
UR - https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v17i2.4419
AB - Background: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose is a major cause of drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Crotalaria biflora (Linn.) is traditionally used medicinally, but its pharmacological properties remain poorly characterised. Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of ethyl acetate (EECB) and methanol (MECB) extracts of the whole plant of C. biflora against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxiciMethods: Successive Soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol yielded four extracts. EECB and MECB were selected based on DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP assays. Acute oral toxicity was assessed according to OECD 423. Seven groups of Wistar rats (n=6) were treated for four weeks. Hepatotoxicity was induced with paracetamol (1000 mg·kg⁻¹, p.o., twice weekly), with silymarin (100 mg·kg⁻¹) as standard. Lipid profile, bilirubin, liver enzymes, and liver histopathology were evaluated. Results: MECB showed the highest antioxidant activity (DPPH IC₅₀: [A] µg/mL; FRAP: [B] µmol Fe²⁺ equivalent/g), followed by EECB (IC₅₀: [C] µg/mL; FRAP: [D] µmol Fe²⁺ equivalent/g). Both extracts significantly (p<0.05) reduced paracetamol-induced elevations in cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, bilirubin, ALP, SGOT, and SGPT and improved HDL dose-dependently. MECB (400 mg·kg⁻¹) produced the greatest hepatoprotective effect, comparable to silymarin. Histopathology showed reduced hepatocellular necrosis, vacuolisation, and sinusoidal dilation. Conclusion: MECB at 400 mg·kg⁻¹ demonstrated significant hepatoprotective activity, supporting further investigation of its bioactive phytoconstituents.
SN - 0975-7538
ER -