Photodynamic and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Euphorbia anacampseros Methanolic Extract: Chemical Characterization, Molecular Docking, and Light-Activated Anticancer Activity.
7 affiliations
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Usak University, Usak, Türkiye.
- 2Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Usak University, Usak, Türkiye.
- 3Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Türkiye.
- 4Medicinal-Aromatic Plants Application and Research Center, Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin, Türkiye.
- 5Meram Vocational School Konya, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Türkiye.
- 6Medical and Cosmetic Plants Application and Research Center, Konya, Türkiye.
- 7Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Usak University, Usak, Türkiye.
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the chemical constituents of the methanolic extract of Euphorbia anacampseros using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. The cytotoxic activity of the extract was assessed using the MTT assay, and its light-enhanced cytotoxic effects were evaluated to investigate its potential for future photodynamic applications. Additionally, molecular docking analysis was performed to evaluate interactions between the identified compounds and the porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) enzyme. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values were 54.72 µg/mL for HT-29, 50.34 µg/mL for MCF-7, and 58.97 µg/mL for A549 cell lines. In the dark, the extract exhibited moderate and nonselective baseline cytotoxicity across all tested cell lines, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 46.95 to 58.97 µg/mL. However, the cytotoxic activity of the extract in HT-29 cells was significantly enhanced following irradiation with blue, green, yellow, or red light, suggesting its potential for future photodynamic applications. Molecular docking targeting PBGD revealed that rutin and epicatechin exhibited the highest binding affinities, with binding energies of -9.9 and -7.8 kcal/mol, respectively. These findings suggest that E. anacampseros constituents may act as photosensitizing agents, potentially enhancing photodynamic therapy through interactions with enzymes involved in porphyrin metabolism.
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BibTeX
@article{caliskan2026photodynamic,
title = {{Photodynamic and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Euphorbia anacampseros Methanolic Extract: Chemical Characterization, Molecular Docking, and Light-Activated Anticancer Activity.}},
author = {Sercin Ozlem Caliskan and Metin Caliskan and Emine İncilay Torunoğlu and Abidin Gümrükçüoğlu and Süleyman Doğu and Erdi Can Aytar},
journal = {Chemistry \& biodiversity},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1002/cbdv.71897},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42960710},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Photodynamic and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Euphorbia anacampseros Methanolic Extract: Chemical Characterization, Molecular Docking, and Light-Activated Anticancer Activity.
AU - Sercin Ozlem Caliskan
AU - Metin Caliskan
AU - Emine İncilay Torunoğlu
AU - Abidin Gümrükçüoğlu
AU - Süleyman Doğu
AU - Erdi Can Aytar
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
JO - Chemistry & biodiversity
DO - 10.1002/cbdv.71897
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42960710
AB - This study aimed to characterize the chemical constituents of the methanolic extract of Euphorbia anacampseros using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. The cytotoxic activity of the extract was assessed using the MTT assay, and its light-enhanced cytotoxic effects were evaluated to investigate its potential for future photodynamic applications. Additionally, molecular docking analysis was performed to evaluate interactions between the identified compounds and the porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) enzyme. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values were 54.72 µg/mL for HT-29, 50.34 µg/mL for MCF-7, and 58.97 µg/mL for A549 cell lines. In the dark, the extract exhibited moderate and nonselective baseline cytotoxicity across all tested cell lines, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 46.95 to 58.97 µg/mL. However, the cytotoxic activity of the extract in HT-29 cells was significantly enhanced following irradiation with blue, green, yellow, or red light, suggesting its potential for future photodynamic applications. Molecular docking targeting PBGD revealed that rutin and epicatechin exhibited the highest binding affinities, with binding energies of -9.9 and -7.8 kcal/mol, respectively. These findings suggest that E. anacampseros constituents may act as photosensitizing agents, potentially enhancing photodynamic therapy through interactions with enzymes involved in porphyrin metabolism.
SN - 1612-1872
SN - 1612-1880
ER -