Problems and needs in palliative care questionnaire - caregiver form (PNPC-c): a cross-cultural adaptation and validation into Spanish.
6 affiliations
- 1IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga , Málaga, Spain.
- 2Department of Human Anatomy, Legal Medicine and History of Science, Area of Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Malaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 32, Málaga, 29071, Spain.
- 3Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
- 4IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga , Málaga, Spain. [email protected].
- 5Department of Human Anatomy, Legal Medicine and History of Science, Area of Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Malaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur, 32, Málaga, 29071, Spain. [email protected].
- 6Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30110, Spain.
Abstract
Background
Caregivers are the essential mainstay of care for patients under palliative treatment, and they experience problems and needs for which they require support, but these are rarely assessed. The Problems and Needs in Palliative Care questionnaire - caregiver form (PNPC-c) evaluates these issues, but it has not been adapted into Spanish. The aim of this study was to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties to validate the PNPC-c into Spanish (PNPC-c SV®).Methods
The translation and a cross-cultural adaptation of the PNPC-c comprised direct and reverse translation, revision by a Delphi panel and a pilot study. The validation of the psychometric properties of the PNPC-c SV® instrument were analyzed. The PNPC-c SV® was validated with a group of 230 caregivers of palliative care patients. A response frequency analysis was performed to identify the 10 main problems and needs among caregivers. An inferential analysis was performed to compare the problems identified between those over and under 50 years of age and between men and women.Results
The PNPC-c SV® developed led to the reduction of the questionnaire from the initial 67 items to 48 items per section (problems and needs). The main problems reported were continuing their social activities (78.3%) and fear of an unpredictable future (77.3%). The need that required the most attention from caregivers was fear of an unpredictable future (56.1%), followed by not wanting to leave the patient alone (50%). Significant differences were observed in the identification of problems between men and women as well as between caregivers older and younger than 50 years of age. The internal consistency using Cronbach's α was 0.959, with problems and needs presenting a value of 0.907 and 0.940, respectively. The PNPC-c SV® is a useful tool to assess the problems and needs of Spanish-speaking caregivers of palliative care patients.Conclusions
Mapping the problems and needs of caregivers allows planning and organizing effective care services, thereby improving the quality of life of caregivers and patients.
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BibTeX
@article{martinmartin2026problems,
title = {{Problems and needs in palliative care questionnaire - caregiver form (PNPC-c): a cross-cultural adaptation and validation into Spanish.}},
author = {Jaime Martín-Martín and Stella Martín-de-Las-Heras and Pablo García-Pérez and Leticia Rubio and María Dolores Pérez-Cárceles},
journal = {BMC palliative care},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.1186/s12904-026-02166-1},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42907813},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Problems and needs in palliative care questionnaire - caregiver form (PNPC-c): a cross-cultural adaptation and validation into Spanish.
AU - Jaime Martín-Martín
AU - Stella Martín-de-Las-Heras
AU - Pablo García-Pérez
AU - Leticia Rubio
AU - María Dolores Pérez-Cárceles
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/01
JO - BMC palliative care
DO - 10.1186/s12904-026-02166-1
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42907813
AB - Background Caregivers are the essential mainstay of care for patients under palliative treatment, and they experience problems and needs for which they require support, but these are rarely assessed. The Problems and Needs in Palliative Care questionnaire - caregiver form (PNPC-c) evaluates these issues, but it has not been adapted into Spanish. The aim of this study was to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties to validate the PNPC-c into Spanish (PNPC-c SV®).Methods The translation and a cross-cultural adaptation of the PNPC-c comprised direct and reverse translation, revision by a Delphi panel and a pilot study. The validation of the psychometric properties of the PNPC-c SV® instrument were analyzed. The PNPC-c SV® was validated with a group of 230 caregivers of palliative care patients. A response frequency analysis was performed to identify the 10 main problems and needs among caregivers. An inferential analysis was performed to compare the problems identified between those over and under 50 years of age and between men and women.Results The PNPC-c SV® developed led to the reduction of the questionnaire from the initial 67 items to 48 items per section (problems and needs). The main problems reported were continuing their social activities (78.3%) and fear of an unpredictable future (77.3%). The need that required the most attention from caregivers was fear of an unpredictable future (56.1%), followed by not wanting to leave the patient alone (50%). Significant differences were observed in the identification of problems between men and women as well as between caregivers older and younger than 50 years of age. The internal consistency using Cronbach's α was 0.959, with problems and needs presenting a value of 0.907 and 0.940, respectively. The PNPC-c SV® is a useful tool to assess the problems and needs of Spanish-speaking caregivers of palliative care patients.Conclusions Mapping the problems and needs of caregivers allows planning and organizing effective care services, thereby improving the quality of life of caregivers and patients.
SN - 1472-684X
ER -