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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDBMC microbiology

An exploratory 12-week pilot study of gut microbiota and body-weight patterns during sodium nitrite exposure and Lactobacillus plantarum 299v supplementation in Wistar rats.

  • Emre Duman1
  • Alev Keser2
  • Tuğçe Nur Balcı3
  • Özlem Çetiner3
  • Murat Kavruk4,5
  • Ali Doğan Dursun6,7,8
  • Veli Cengiz Özalp9
9 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Siirt University, Siirt, Türkiye. [email protected].
  2. 2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye.
  3. 3Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Atilim University, Ankara, Türkiye.
  4. 4Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Nanotechnology and Biotechnology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye.
  5. 5Health Biotechnology Joint Research and Applications Center of Excellence, Istanbul, Türkiye.
  6. 6Vocational School of Health Services, Atilim University, Ankara, Türkiye.
  7. 7Centre for Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Research (ATÜDEM), Atilim University, Ankara, Türkiye.
  8. 8Home Care Services, Medicana International Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye.
  9. 9Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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Abstract

Background

Sodium nitrite (E250) is a widely used additive in processed meat products and has been reported to disrupt the gut microbiota and exert carcinogenic effects via N-nitroso compounds. This exploratory pilot study examined body-weight and longitudinal gut-microbiota patterns during sodium nitrite exposure and Lactobacillus plantarum 299v supplementation in adolescent Wistar rats.Methods

Sixty-four adolescent Wistar rats were allocated to Control, sodium nitrite (SN), Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (LP), or combined SN + LP groups for 12 weeks. Body weight was assessed in the full cohort. The exploratory microbiota component comprised 48 serial fecal samples from eight selected rats, with one male and one female from each treatment group. V3-V4 16S rRNA amplicons were sequenced on an Illumina iSeq 100 using a 2 × 150-bp paired-end configuration. Read 1 (R1) sequences were processed using the single-end DADA2 workflow, and microbiota profiles were analyzed descriptively.Results

Body-weight trajectories varied across groups and sexes in the full cohort. The descriptive relative-abundance profiles varied across sampling times. The sodium nitrite profile showed higher relative Proteobacteria abundance at several post-baseline time points, while longitudinal ordination trajectories overlapped substantially.Conclusions

The exploratory findings describe patterns across sampling times but do not establish group-level treatment effects or probiotic attenuation of nitrite-associated changes. Confirmation in adequately powered studies with independent cage-level replication is required.Clinical trial number

Not applicable.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{duman2026exploratory,
  title = {{An exploratory 12-week pilot study of gut microbiota and body-weight patterns during sodium nitrite exposure and Lactobacillus plantarum 299v supplementation in Wistar rats.}},
  author = {Emre Duman and Alev Keser and Tuğçe Nur Balcı and Özlem Çetiner and Murat Kavruk and Ali Doğan Dursun and Veli Cengiz Özalp},
  journal = {BMC microbiology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1186/s12866-026-05814-x},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42919129},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - An exploratory 12-week pilot study of gut microbiota and body-weight patterns during sodium nitrite exposure and Lactobacillus plantarum 299v supplementation in Wistar rats.
AU  - Emre Duman
AU  - Alev Keser
AU  - Tuğçe Nur Balcı
AU  - Özlem Çetiner
AU  - Murat Kavruk
AU  - Ali Doğan Dursun
AU  - Veli Cengiz Özalp
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/19
JO  - BMC microbiology
DO  - 10.1186/s12866-026-05814-x
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42919129
AB  - Background  Sodium nitrite (E250) is a widely used additive in processed meat products and has been reported to disrupt the gut microbiota and exert carcinogenic effects via N-nitroso compounds. This exploratory pilot study examined body-weight and longitudinal gut-microbiota patterns during sodium nitrite exposure and Lactobacillus plantarum 299v supplementation in adolescent Wistar rats.Methods  Sixty-four adolescent Wistar rats were allocated to Control, sodium nitrite (SN), Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (LP), or combined SN + LP groups for 12 weeks. Body weight was assessed in the full cohort. The exploratory microbiota component comprised 48 serial fecal samples from eight selected rats, with one male and one female from each treatment group. V3-V4 16S rRNA amplicons were sequenced on an Illumina iSeq 100 using a 2 × 150-bp paired-end configuration. Read 1 (R1) sequences were processed using the single-end DADA2 workflow, and microbiota profiles were analyzed descriptively.Results  Body-weight trajectories varied across groups and sexes in the full cohort. The descriptive relative-abundance profiles varied across sampling times. The sodium nitrite profile showed higher relative Proteobacteria abundance at several post-baseline time points, while longitudinal ordination trajectories overlapped substantially.Conclusions  The exploratory findings describe patterns across sampling times but do not establish group-level treatment effects or probiotic attenuation of nitrite-associated changes. Confirmation in adequately powered studies with independent cage-level replication is required.Clinical trial number  Not applicable.
SN  - 1471-2180
ER  -