Advanced Nanoemulsion Architectures for Precision Theranostics and Next-Generation Biomedical Translation
5 affiliations
- 1Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
- 2GNA School of Pharmacy, GNA University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- 3Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
- 4Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- 5Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Nanoemulsions (NEs) are kinetically stable, thermodynamically unstable colloidal systems composed of nanoscale oil and aqueous domains stabilized primarily by surfactants and, where required, co-surfactants. Their small droplet size, large interfacial area, and tunable physicochemical properties provide opportunities to improve the solubilization, dispersion, permeation, stability, and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble and labile therapeutic agents. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the principles governing NE formulation and their evolving role in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Particular emphasis is placed on the selection and functional contribution of formulation components, high- and low-energy preparation approaches, scale-up and manufacturing considerations, critical quality attributes, physicochemical characterization, stability, and nano-bio interactions. The review further summarizes the application of NEs in oral, topical, ocular, pulmonary, parenteral, vaccine, immunological, and disease-specific drug delivery, together with emerging applications in theranostics and imaging. The available evidence indicates that NEs can enhance drug solubilization and delivery performance and can be engineered to incorporate therapeutic and imaging functionalities; however, the extent of targeting and clinical benefit remains dependent on formulation composition, biological barriers, disease heterogeneity, and the stage of translational development. Emerging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine-learning approaches show potential for formulation optimization, prediction of physicochemical and biological behaviour, and interpretation of complex imaging data, but their application to NE systems remains an evolving area constrained by data standardization, model transparency, reproducibility, and regulatory considerations. Major challenges to clinical translation include physical and chemical instability, limitations of passive and active targeting, manufacturing complexity, batch-to-batch reproducibility, scale-up, safety assessment, and regulatory requirements. Overall, NEs represent versatile platforms for pharmaceutical delivery and multifunctional biomedical applications, while further systematic validation, scalable manufacturing, standardized characterization, and clinically relevant evidence are required to translate promising laboratory findings into robust and clinically useful products.
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BibTeX
@article{chauhan2026advanced,
title = {{Advanced Nanoemulsion Architectures for Precision Theranostics and Next-Generation Biomedical Translation}},
author = {Abhishek Chauhan and Raj Kamal and Mohit Kumar and Ankit Awasthi and Dinesh Kumar and Neeraj Choudhary and Muhammad Salahuddin Haris and Md Faiyazuddin and Mohamed Kchaou},
journal = {International Journal of Nanomedicine},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.2147/ijn.s631056},
url = {https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s631056},
note = {CC BY-NC 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Advanced Nanoemulsion Architectures for Precision Theranostics and Next-Generation Biomedical Translation
AU - Abhishek Chauhan
AU - Raj Kamal
AU - Mohit Kumar
AU - Ankit Awasthi
AU - Dinesh Kumar
AU - Neeraj Choudhary
AU - Muhammad Salahuddin Haris
AU - Md Faiyazuddin
AU - Mohamed Kchaou
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
JO - International Journal of Nanomedicine
DO - 10.2147/ijn.s631056
UR - https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s631056
AB - Nanoemulsions (NEs) are kinetically stable, thermodynamically unstable colloidal systems composed of nanoscale oil and aqueous domains stabilized primarily by surfactants and, where required, co-surfactants. Their small droplet size, large interfacial area, and tunable physicochemical properties provide opportunities to improve the solubilization, dispersion, permeation, stability, and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble and labile therapeutic agents. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the principles governing NE formulation and their evolving role in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Particular emphasis is placed on the selection and functional contribution of formulation components, high- and low-energy preparation approaches, scale-up and manufacturing considerations, critical quality attributes, physicochemical characterization, stability, and nano-bio interactions. The review further summarizes the application of NEs in oral, topical, ocular, pulmonary, parenteral, vaccine, immunological, and disease-specific drug delivery, together with emerging applications in theranostics and imaging. The available evidence indicates that NEs can enhance drug solubilization and delivery performance and can be engineered to incorporate therapeutic and imaging functionalities; however, the extent of targeting and clinical benefit remains dependent on formulation composition, biological barriers, disease heterogeneity, and the stage of translational development. Emerging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine-learning approaches show potential for formulation optimization, prediction of physicochemical and biological behaviour, and interpretation of complex imaging data, but their application to NE systems remains an evolving area constrained by data standardization, model transparency, reproducibility, and regulatory considerations. Major challenges to clinical translation include physical and chemical instability, limitations of passive and active targeting, manufacturing complexity, batch-to-batch reproducibility, scale-up, safety assessment, and regulatory requirements. Overall, NEs represent versatile platforms for pharmaceutical delivery and multifunctional biomedical applications, while further systematic validation, scalable manufacturing, standardized characterization, and clinically relevant evidence are required to translate promising laboratory findings into robust and clinically useful products.
SN - 1176-9114
SN - 1178-2013
ER -