On Bimodality in the Eccentricity Distribution of Galactic Double Neutron Stars
Abstract
The detection of Galactic double neutron stars (DNSs) through pulsar timing offers a unique opportunity to probe massive stellar and binary evolution. The current observed DNS population shows a scarcity of systems at intermediate eccentricities, although the present sample does not provide statistically significant evidence for an underlying bimodal distribution. We explore whether such a feature can arise naturally from DNS formation physics and serve as a prediction for future observations. We propose that this possible bimodality can result from a non-monotonic relationship between progenitor mass and neutron star (NS) mass, provided that the second-born NS receives a sufficiently small natal kick. We illustrate this scenario using the population synthesis code COMPAS, and find that our DNS population model produces an intermediate-eccentricity deficit broadly similar to that suggested by current observations and can reproduce the observed orbital period--eccentricity distribution relatively well. We also show that most measured second-born NS masses fall within the ranges predicted by our model at the corresponding DNS orbital eccentricities, providing a complementary observational diagnostic that is less sensitive to uncertainties in the preceding binary evolution. Our results therefore predict that an eccentricity bimodality should become more apparent as the Galactic DNS sample grows.
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{grichener2026bimodality,
title = {{On Bimodality in the Eccentricity Distribution of Galactic Double Neutron Stars}},
author = {Aldana Grichener and Paul Disberg and Ryosuke Hirai and Ilya Mandel},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2608.00174},
eprint = {2608.00174},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.00174},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - On Bimodality in the Eccentricity Distribution of Galactic Double Neutron Stars
AU - Aldana Grichener
AU - Paul Disberg
AU - Ryosuke Hirai
AU - Ilya Mandel
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/06
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2608.00174
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.00174
AB - The detection of Galactic double neutron stars (DNSs) through pulsar timing offers a unique opportunity to probe massive stellar and binary evolution. The current observed DNS population shows a scarcity of systems at intermediate eccentricities, although the present sample does not provide statistically significant evidence for an underlying bimodal distribution. We explore whether such a feature can arise naturally from DNS formation physics and serve as a prediction for future observations. We propose that this possible bimodality can result from a non-monotonic relationship between progenitor mass and neutron star (NS) mass, provided that the second-born NS receives a sufficiently small natal kick. We illustrate this scenario using the population synthesis code COMPAS, and find that our DNS population model produces an intermediate-eccentricity deficit broadly similar to that suggested by current observations and can reproduce the observed orbital period--eccentricity distribution relatively well. We also show that most measured second-born NS masses fall within the ranges predicted by our model at the corresponding DNS orbital eccentricities, providing a complementary observational diagnostic that is less sensitive to uncertainties in the preceding binary evolution. Our results therefore predict that an eccentricity bimodality should become more apparent as the Galactic DNS sample grows.
ER -