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Peer-reviewedCC BYCureus

Sex-Based Differences in Gastroduodenal Artery Morphometry.

  • Morgan W Stewart1
  • Jenna M Watts2
  • Vincent J Schmidt3
  • Simran Aulakh4
  • Cameron T Smith5
  • Forrest Dunivin6
  • Julia Kirkland7
  • Melissa Zolnierz8
8 affiliations
  1. 1Surgery, Kansas City University, Joplin, USA.
  2. 2Internal Medicine, Kansas City University, Joplin, USA.
  3. 3Primary Care, Kansas City University, Joplin, USA.
  4. 4Pain Management, Kansas City University, Kansas City, USA.
  5. 5Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Kansas City University, Joplin, USA.
  6. 6Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Joplin, USA.
  7. 7Anatomical Sciences, Kansas City University, Joplin, USA.
  8. 8Anatomy, Kansas City University, Joplin, USA.
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Abstract

Introduction

The gastroduodenal artery (GDA) supplies the upper gastrointestinal tract, and variation in its geometry may influence endovascular access and hepatobiliary interventions. This study evaluated sex-based differences in the GDA branching angle and diameter using standardized morphometric analysis.Methods

This retrospective cadaveric morphometric study included 28 formalin-embalmed donors (12 males and 16 females) examined between 2024 and 2025. Inclusion criteria required an intact GDA and common hepatic artery suitable for analysis. Following targeted vessel dissection, perpendicular images were obtained with in-plane calibration and analyzed using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Branching angle and mid-segment diameter were measured independently by two blinded observers. Sex-based differences were assessed using independent-samples t-tests, applying Welch's correction when the assumption of homogeneity of variance was violated.Results

Twenty-eight donors (mean age 77 ± 8 years; 12 males and 16 females) were evaluated. Male donors demonstrated significantly smaller GDA branching angles than female donors (95.83° ± 23.79° vs. 119.51° ± 17.75°; p = 0.006) and significantly larger diameters (5.67 ± 2.57 mm vs. 3.17 ± 0.70 mm; p = 0.007).Conclusion

Sex-based differences were identified in GDA geometry, which may influence computed tomography (CT) angiography interpretation and interventional planning.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{stewart2026sexbased,
  title = {{Sex-Based Differences in Gastroduodenal Artery Morphometry.}},
  author = {Morgan W Stewart and Jenna M Watts and Vincent J Schmidt and Simran Aulakh and Cameron T Smith and Forrest Dunivin and Julia Kirkland and Melissa Zolnierz},
  journal = {Cureus},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.7759/cureus.116666},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42909318},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sex-Based Differences in Gastroduodenal Artery Morphometry.
AU  - Morgan W Stewart
AU  - Jenna M Watts
AU  - Vincent J Schmidt
AU  - Simran Aulakh
AU  - Cameron T Smith
AU  - Forrest Dunivin
AU  - Julia Kirkland
AU  - Melissa Zolnierz
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/21
JO  - Cureus
DO  - 10.7759/cureus.116666
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42909318
AB  - Introduction  The gastroduodenal artery (GDA) supplies the upper gastrointestinal tract, and variation in its geometry may influence endovascular access and hepatobiliary interventions. This study evaluated sex-based differences in the GDA branching angle and diameter using standardized morphometric analysis.Methods  This retrospective cadaveric morphometric study included 28 formalin-embalmed donors (12 males and 16 females) examined between 2024 and 2025. Inclusion criteria required an intact GDA and common hepatic artery suitable for analysis. Following targeted vessel dissection, perpendicular images were obtained with in-plane calibration and analyzed using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Branching angle and mid-segment diameter were measured independently by two blinded observers. Sex-based differences were assessed using independent-samples t-tests, applying Welch's correction when the assumption of homogeneity of variance was violated.Results  Twenty-eight donors (mean age 77 ± 8 years; 12 males and 16 females) were evaluated. Male donors demonstrated significantly smaller GDA branching angles than female donors (95.83° ± 23.79° vs. 119.51° ± 17.75°; p = 0.006) and significantly larger diameters (5.67 ± 2.57 mm vs. 3.17 ± 0.70 mm; p = 0.007).Conclusion  Sex-based differences were identified in GDA geometry, which may influence computed tomography (CT) angiography interpretation and interventional planning.
SN  - 2168-8184
ER  -