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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDEnvironmental science & technology

Associations between Prenatal Exposure to Perchlorate, Thiocyanate, and Nitrate and Child Neurodevelopment in the MARBLES Study.

  • Hyuna Jang1
  • Deborah H Bennett2
  • Daniel J Tancredi3
  • Rebecca J Schmidt2,4
  • Hyeong-Moo Shin1
4 affiliations
  1. 1School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas76798, United States.
  2. 2Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California95616, United States.
  3. 3Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California95817, United States.
  4. 4MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California95817, United States.
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Abstract

Associations between prenatal exposure to perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain largely unexplored. We investigated these associations in the MARBLES cohort, a prospective cohort with an elevated familial likelihood of ASD. A total of 310 mothers provided 1916 urine samples during pregnancy, and their children were classified at age 3 years as typically developing (TD), ASD, or non-TD (developmental concerns not meeting ASD diagnostic criteria). We estimated relative risks for ASD and non-TD compared with TD using Poisson regression and assessed mixture effects using quantile G-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression. Overall and mixture analyses showed no significant associations between prenatal exposure to these NIS inhibitors and the child neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, stratified analyses identified several context-specific associations according to child sex, trimester of exposure, maternal urinary iodine concentration, and passive smoking status, some of which remained significant after false-discovery-rate correction. These findings suggest that susceptibility to prenatal exposure to perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate may vary across population subgroups and exposure windows. Although these subgroup-specific associations should be considered hypothesis generating, they highlight the need for future studies integrating thyroid biomarkers and mechanistic approaches to better understand thyroid-related pathways underlying child neurodevelopment.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{jang2026associations,
  title = {{Associations between Prenatal Exposure to Perchlorate, Thiocyanate, and Nitrate and Child Neurodevelopment in the MARBLES Study.}},
  author = {Hyuna Jang and Deborah H Bennett and Daniel J Tancredi and Rebecca J Schmidt and Hyeong-Moo Shin},
  journal = {Environmental science \& technology},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1021/acs.est.6c03054},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42916419},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Associations between Prenatal Exposure to Perchlorate, Thiocyanate, and Nitrate and Child Neurodevelopment in the MARBLES Study.
AU  - Hyuna Jang
AU  - Deborah H Bennett
AU  - Daniel J Tancredi
AU  - Rebecca J Schmidt
AU  - Hyeong-Moo Shin
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/01
JO  - Environmental science & technology
DO  - 10.1021/acs.est.6c03054
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42916419
AB  - Associations between prenatal exposure to perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain largely unexplored. We investigated these associations in the MARBLES cohort, a prospective cohort with an elevated familial likelihood of ASD. A total of 310 mothers provided 1916 urine samples during pregnancy, and their children were classified at age 3 years as typically developing (TD), ASD, or non-TD (developmental concerns not meeting ASD diagnostic criteria). We estimated relative risks for ASD and non-TD compared with TD using Poisson regression and assessed mixture effects using quantile G-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression. Overall and mixture analyses showed no significant associations between prenatal exposure to these NIS inhibitors and the child neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, stratified analyses identified several context-specific associations according to child sex, trimester of exposure, maternal urinary iodine concentration, and passive smoking status, some of which remained significant after false-discovery-rate correction. These findings suggest that susceptibility to prenatal exposure to perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate may vary across population subgroups and exposure windows. Although these subgroup-specific associations should be considered hypothesis generating, they highlight the need for future studies integrating thyroid biomarkers and mechanistic approaches to better understand thyroid-related pathways underlying child neurodevelopment.
SN  - 0013-936X
SN  - 1520-5851
ER  -