High-Efficiency Graphene Oxide Moiré Lenses Enabled by Cyclic Self-Assembly and Laser Nanoprinting
Abstract
Compact optical systems with continuously tunable focal lengths are highly desirable for machine vision, biomedical imaging, and miniaturized cameras. Rotational Moiré lenses offer a planar approach to focal-length tuning, but metasurface-based implementations typically require complex nanofabrication processes that complicate large-area production. Here, we present a cyclic, mask-free fabrication strategy that combines layer-by-layer self-assembly of two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) with femtosecond laser nanoprinting. Repeated GO-PDDA assembly and spatially selective ablation enable atomic-scale thickness control and the construction of precise multilevel phase profiles, reducing phase-quantization errors and improving focusing efficiency. The measured focusing efficiencies of individual GO lenses increase from 22.4% for two phase levels to 54.8% for six levels. Using this six-level modulation strategy, the fabricated GO Moiré lens achieves continuous focal-length tuning from approximately 10 to 90 mm. Full-colour imaging with magnifications ranging from 1X to 9X is experimentally demonstrated. These results establish a cyclic, mask-free fabrication strategy for efficient multilevel GO flat optics and demonstrate its potential for compact, reconfigurable imaging.
Related
- Additive solid immersion lenses for enhanced collection efficiency of shallow NV centers by pulsed laser deposition and structurization of high-k amorphous oxides
- Graphene-enabled dynamic H-J switching of dipole-dipole coupling
- Moiré-enabled chiral plasmons in twisted bilayer graphene nanoislands
- High-Efficiency Silicon-Lithium Niobate Grating Coupler enabled by Fully-Etched Subwavelength Structures
- Synergistic Graphene and PEDOT:PSS Layers on Silicon for Enhanced Efficiency and Stability in Schottky Junction Solar Cells
BibTeX
@misc{cao2026highefficiency,
title = {{High-Efficiency Graphene Oxide Moiré Lenses Enabled by Cyclic Self-Assembly and Laser Nanoprinting}},
author = {Guiyuan Cao and Xinyuan Du and Han Lin and Baohua Jia and Shibiao Wei},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.36373},
eprint = {2610.36373},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.36373},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - High-Efficiency Graphene Oxide Moiré Lenses Enabled by Cyclic Self-Assembly and Laser Nanoprinting
AU - Guiyuan Cao
AU - Xinyuan Du
AU - Han Lin
AU - Baohua Jia
AU - Shibiao Wei
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/26
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.36373
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.36373
AB - Compact optical systems with continuously tunable focal lengths are highly desirable for machine vision, biomedical imaging, and miniaturized cameras. Rotational Moiré lenses offer a planar approach to focal-length tuning, but metasurface-based implementations typically require complex nanofabrication processes that complicate large-area production. Here, we present a cyclic, mask-free fabrication strategy that combines layer-by-layer self-assembly of two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) with femtosecond laser nanoprinting. Repeated GO-PDDA assembly and spatially selective ablation enable atomic-scale thickness control and the construction of precise multilevel phase profiles, reducing phase-quantization errors and improving focusing efficiency. The measured focusing efficiencies of individual GO lenses increase from 22.4% for two phase levels to 54.8% for six levels. Using this six-level modulation strategy, the fabricated GO Moiré lens achieves continuous focal-length tuning from approximately 10 to 90 mm. Full-colour imaging with magnifications ranging from 1X to 9X is experimentally demonstrated. These results establish a cyclic, mask-free fabrication strategy for efficient multilevel GO flat optics and demonstrate its potential for compact, reconfigurable imaging.
ER -