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Peer-reviewedCC BYMaterials Today Bio

Sandwich-structured PVDF/protein piezoelectric hydrogel regulates osteogenesis and adipogenesis through glycerophospholipid metabolism in osteoporotic inflammatory bone defects

  • Weisin Chen1
  • Shuyan Zhang2
  • Lei Huang3
  • Yukai Huang4
  • Minhao Liang5
  • Xin Liu2
  • Ning Wang4
  • Juan Li6
  • Haifeng Liang6
  • Dihan Su4
  • Zenggan Chen7
  • Dong Zhou2
5 more authors
  • Yulin Li2
  • Jian Zhang8
  • Yan Su9
  • Yutong Gu8
  • Libo Jiang10
10 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Orthopaedic Residency Program, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
  2. 2The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
  3. 3Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
  4. 4Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
  5. 5Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
  6. 6Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
  7. 7Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Osteoporosis Specialized Prevention and Treatment Center, Xiamen, 361012, China
  8. 8Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Corresponding author.
  9. 9Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China; Corresponding author.
  10. 10Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China; Corresponding author.180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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Abstract

Osteoporosis can occur when age-related ovarian dysfunction leads to estrogen deficiency. When bone mineral content decreases, fragile bones are susceptible to bone defects. This estrogen deficiency causes differentiation of mesenchymal cells to shift towards adipogenesis and reduced osteogenesis, which culminates in nonunion. With the potential to modulate cell differentiation, electrical stimulation is promising for osteoporosis defects complicated by an inflammatory environment. A sandwich-structured silk fibroin hydrogel (RSF) with three layers of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane with many β-crystalline phases and MXene for electrical conductance was fabricated, generating voltages up to 500 mV to leverage the implanted bone grafts for a sustainable source of electrical stimulation. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that piezoelectric stimulation promoted osteogenesis and suppressed glycerophospholipid metabolism by upregulating lipid degradation–related genes. Specifically, Pla2g4a was critical to the hydrolysis of phospholipids, as shown by Sudan black B staining in rBMSCs. Finally, we created femoral defects in osteoporotic rats and implanted MXene/PVDF/RSF hydrogel to promote osteogenesis and reduce adipogenesis, as shown by micro-CT and immunostaining. As a result, piezoelectric MXene/PVDF/RSF hydrogel effectively redirected bone-fat balance and overcame the inflammatory environment in osteoporotic bone defects, serving future clinical applications.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{chen2026sandwichstructured,
  title = {{Sandwich-structured PVDF/protein piezoelectric hydrogel regulates osteogenesis and adipogenesis through glycerophospholipid metabolism in osteoporotic inflammatory bone defects}},
  author = {Weisin Chen and Shuyan Zhang and Lei Huang and Yukai Huang and Minhao Liang and Xin Liu and Ning Wang and Juan Li and Haifeng Liang and Dihan Su and Zenggan Chen and Dong Zhou and Yulin Li and Jian Zhang and Yan Su and Yutong Gu and Libo Jiang},
  journal = {Materials Today Bio},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103770},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103770},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sandwich-structured PVDF/protein piezoelectric hydrogel regulates osteogenesis and adipogenesis through glycerophospholipid metabolism in osteoporotic inflammatory bone defects
AU  - Weisin Chen
AU  - Shuyan Zhang
AU  - Lei Huang
AU  - Yukai Huang
AU  - Minhao Liang
AU  - Xin Liu
AU  - Ning Wang
AU  - Juan Li
AU  - Haifeng Liang
AU  - Dihan Su
AU  - Zenggan Chen
AU  - Dong Zhou
AU  - Yulin Li
AU  - Jian Zhang
AU  - Yan Su
AU  - Yutong Gu
AU  - Libo Jiang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/21
JO  - Materials Today Bio
DO  - 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103770
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103770
AB  - Osteoporosis can occur when age-related ovarian dysfunction leads to estrogen deficiency. When bone mineral content decreases, fragile bones are susceptible to bone defects. This estrogen deficiency causes differentiation of mesenchymal cells to shift towards adipogenesis and reduced osteogenesis, which culminates in nonunion. With the potential to modulate cell differentiation, electrical stimulation is promising for osteoporosis defects complicated by an inflammatory environment. A sandwich-structured silk fibroin hydrogel (RSF) with three layers of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane with many β-crystalline phases and MXene for electrical conductance was fabricated, generating voltages up to 500 mV to leverage the implanted bone grafts for a sustainable source of electrical stimulation. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that piezoelectric stimulation promoted osteogenesis and suppressed glycerophospholipid metabolism by upregulating lipid degradation–related genes. Specifically, Pla2g4a was critical to the hydrolysis of phospholipids, as shown by Sudan black B staining in rBMSCs. Finally, we created femoral defects in osteoporotic rats and implanted MXene/PVDF/RSF hydrogel to promote osteogenesis and reduce adipogenesis, as shown by micro-CT and immunostaining. As a result, piezoelectric MXene/PVDF/RSF hydrogel effectively redirected bone-fat balance and overcame the inflammatory environment in osteoporotic bone defects, serving future clinical applications.
SN  - 2590-0064
ER  -