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Peer-reviewedCC BYnpj 2D Materials and Applications

Electronic crystals in layered materials

  • You Zhou1
  • Ilya Esterlis2
  • Tomasz Smoleński3
  1. 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
  2. 2Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
  3. 3Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract

In modern two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene-based systems and atomically thin transition-metal dichalcogenides, the interplay of strong electronic correlations, tunable moiré superlattices, and nontrivial band topology has given rise to rich phase diagrams and collective phenomena. Among the novel phases that have been realized, electronic crystals-states of matter in which itinerant electrons spontaneously crystallize-play a particularly prominent role. In this Review, we summarize the current status of electron crystallization in van der Waals heterostructures, with emphasis on the experimental platforms and measurement techniques that enable their study. We also highlight open questions and outline future directions that may elucidate more of the fascinating properties of electronic crystals.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{zhou2026electronic,
  title = {{Electronic crystals in layered materials}},
  author = {You Zhou and Ilya Esterlis and Tomasz Smoleński},
  journal = {npj 2D Materials and Applications},
  year = {2026},
  month = jun,
  doi = {10.1038/s41699-026-00713-1},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-026-00713-1},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Electronic crystals in layered materials
AU  - You Zhou
AU  - Ilya Esterlis
AU  - Tomasz Smoleński
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/06/15
JO  - npj 2D Materials and Applications
DO  - 10.1038/s41699-026-00713-1
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-026-00713-1
AB  - In modern two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene-based systems and atomically thin transition-metal dichalcogenides, the interplay of strong electronic correlations, tunable moiré superlattices, and nontrivial band topology has given rise to rich phase diagrams and collective phenomena. Among the novel phases that have been realized, electronic crystals-states of matter in which itinerant electrons spontaneously crystallize-play a particularly prominent role. In this Review, we summarize the current status of electron crystallization in van der Waals heterostructures, with emphasis on the experimental platforms and measurement techniques that enable their study. We also highlight open questions and outline future directions that may elucidate more of the fascinating properties of electronic crystals.
SN  - 2397-7132
ER  -