Entanglement diagnostics of stochastic-resetting steady states: theory and measurement on superconducting qubits
Abstract
Stochastic resetting drives quantum systems into nonequilibrium stationary states unreachable under uninterrupted unitary evolution, and their entanglement depends on whether the reset history is resolved or averaged over. We study this interplay in the transverse-field Ising chain, deriving closed-form results for two qubits and evaluating chains of up to 12 qubits exactly. In the two-qubit system, these closed-form results show that phase matching between energy eigenstates produces resonances, and their visibility in the stationary state is determined by the symmetry of the reset state. Measurements on an IBM superconducting processor show the entropies evaluated before and after the reset average closely following noiseless predictions with no fitted parameter, while concurrence lies below prediction across most of the hardware measurements. The two diagnostics respond differently because they read different components of the same reconstructed state, and a depolarizing model captures the concurrence suppression with one fitted parameter. The difference between the two entropies, i. e., the Jensen gap of entanglement entropy, equals the Holevo information that a subsystem retains about the time since the last reset. With a Bell-state reset, this information grows with chain length across a half-chain cut over the sizes studied, without visible saturation at the smaller reset probabilities. Since reset times are sampled and recorded classically, the trajectory-averaged entropy, and with it the Jensen gap, is obtained without postselection, in contrast to monitored circuits, where trajectory-resolved entanglement requires sampling exponentially rare measurement records.
Related
- Generating pairwise entanglement in periodically driven quantum spin chains with stochastic resetting
- Resetting a Superconducting Qubit with a Compact Colder Resistive Dissipator below the Qubit Frequency
- Stochastic Orders of the Exit Pair and the Monotone Response to Resetting
- Brownian gyrator model with stochastic resetting
- Weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate with stochastic resetting
BibTeX
@misc{murauer2026entanglement,
title = {{Entanglement diagnostics of stochastic-resetting steady states: theory and measurement on superconducting qubits}},
author = {Jakob Murauer and Sabine Tornow and Manas Kulkarni and Eli Barkai and Satya N. Majumdar and Monalisa Singh Roy},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.40638},
eprint = {2610.40638},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.40638},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Entanglement diagnostics of stochastic-resetting steady states: theory and measurement on superconducting qubits
AU - Jakob Murauer
AU - Sabine Tornow
AU - Manas Kulkarni
AU - Eli Barkai
AU - Satya N. Majumdar
AU - Monalisa Singh Roy
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/29
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.40638
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.40638
AB - Stochastic resetting drives quantum systems into nonequilibrium stationary states unreachable under uninterrupted unitary evolution, and their entanglement depends on whether the reset history is resolved or averaged over. We study this interplay in the transverse-field Ising chain, deriving closed-form results for two qubits and evaluating chains of up to 12 qubits exactly. In the two-qubit system, these closed-form results show that phase matching between energy eigenstates produces resonances, and their visibility in the stationary state is determined by the symmetry of the reset state. Measurements on an IBM superconducting processor show the entropies evaluated before and after the reset average closely following noiseless predictions with no fitted parameter, while concurrence lies below prediction across most of the hardware measurements. The two diagnostics respond differently because they read different components of the same reconstructed state, and a depolarizing model captures the concurrence suppression with one fitted parameter. The difference between the two entropies, i. e., the Jensen gap of entanglement entropy, equals the Holevo information that a subsystem retains about the time since the last reset. With a Bell-state reset, this information grows with chain length across a half-chain cut over the sizes studied, without visible saturation at the smaller reset probabilities. Since reset times are sampled and recorded classically, the trajectory-averaged entropy, and with it the Jensen gap, is obtained without postselection, in contrast to monitored circuits, where trajectory-resolved entanglement requires sampling exponentially rare measurement records.
ER -