Axion detection in the non-Markovian noise
Abstract
The detection of axion dark matter poses a significant challenge due to its exceptionally weak coupling to standard-model particles. Here we develop a noise-tolerant quantum-metrology scheme based on coupled 129Xe spin ensembles to search for such weakly interacting particles. Within an experimentally accessible parameter regime, our scheme achieves an ideal exclusion limit on the axion coupling constant that is several orders of magnitude more stringent than that of conventional detection methods. We further investigate the performance of our scheme under dissipative noise and find that its robustness is fundamentally governed by the energy-spectrum structure of the composite spin-environment system. Remarkably, when a bound state emerges in the spectrum, the exclusion limit asymptotically recovers its ideal value in the non-Markovian dynamics, whereas under the Markovian approximation the limit deteriorates significantly due to noise. Our results establish a universal mechanism for noise-resilient exploration of beyond-standard-model physics, which can be practically implemented by engineering bound-state formation via tuning the Larmor frequency of the spin ensembles.
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BibTeX
@misc{dong2026axion,
title = {{Axion detection in the non-Markovian noise}},
author = {Jing Dong and Shuang-Quan Ma and Rong-Hang Chen and Bin-Kai Luo and Tao Liu and Qing Ai and Jun-Hong An},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.27731},
eprint = {2610.27731},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.27731},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Axion detection in the non-Markovian noise
AU - Jing Dong
AU - Shuang-Quan Ma
AU - Rong-Hang Chen
AU - Bin-Kai Luo
AU - Tao Liu
AU - Qing Ai
AU - Jun-Hong An
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/20
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.27731
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.27731
AB - The detection of axion dark matter poses a significant challenge due to its exceptionally weak coupling to standard-model particles. Here we develop a noise-tolerant quantum-metrology scheme based on coupled ^129Xe spin ensembles to search for such weakly interacting particles. Within an experimentally accessible parameter regime, our scheme achieves an ideal exclusion limit on the axion coupling constant that is several orders of magnitude more stringent than that of conventional detection methods. We further investigate the performance of our scheme under dissipative noise and find that its robustness is fundamentally governed by the energy-spectrum structure of the composite spin-environment system. Remarkably, when a bound state emerges in the spectrum, the exclusion limit asymptotically recovers its ideal value in the non-Markovian dynamics, whereas under the Markovian approximation the limit deteriorates significantly due to noise. Our results establish a universal mechanism for noise-resilient exploration of beyond-standard-model physics, which can be practically implemented by engineering bound-state formation via tuning the Larmor frequency of the spin ensembles.
ER -