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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Evaluation of Bone Regeneration by Sustained Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein from Porous Polyetheretherketone

  • Yuka Shiotani1
  • Jun-ichiro Jo2
  • Sara Takasugi1
  • Takeryo Adachi1
  • Kenichirou Yasui1
  • Yoshiya Hashimoto2
  • Aki Nishiura1
  1. 1Department of Orthodontics, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan
  2. 2Department of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan
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Abstract

Owing to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a promising biomaterial in dental and medical fields. However, PEEK lacks osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties for efficient bone regeneration. In the present study, we aimed to develop a porous PEEK scaffold integrating gelatin hydrogel as a carrier for the sustained delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and evaluate its bone regeneration potential. The pores in the three-dimensional printed porous PEEK were filled with an aqueous solution of gelatin, followed by freeze-drying and dehydrothermal crosslinking to obtain a porous PEEK scaffold with gelatin hydrogel (Gel-PEEK). BMP-2 dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline was impregnated into Gel-PEEK to obtain Gel-PEEK incorporating BMP-2 (BMP-2@Gel-PEEK). After confirming the sustained release of BMP-2 from Gel-PEEK in vitro, the bone regeneration potential of BMP-2@Gel-PEEK was evaluated using a model of critical-sized calvarial defects in rats. Micro-computed tomography and histological analyses demonstrated augmented bone regeneration by BMP-2@Gel-PEEK compared with PEEK only and Gel-PEEK without incorporating BMP-2. These findings suggest that through the sustained release of BMP-2, the porous PEEK with gelatin hydrogel is a promising platform for bone regeneration.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{shiotani2026evaluation,
  title = {{Evaluation of Bone Regeneration by Sustained Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein from Porous Polyetheretherketone}},
  author = {Yuka Shiotani and Jun-ichiro Jo and Sara Takasugi and Takeryo Adachi and Kenichirou Yasui and Yoshiya Hashimoto and Aki Nishiura},
  journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/ijms27209337},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9337},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Evaluation of Bone Regeneration by Sustained Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein from Porous Polyetheretherketone
AU  - Yuka Shiotani
AU  - Jun-ichiro Jo
AU  - Sara Takasugi
AU  - Takeryo Adachi
AU  - Kenichirou Yasui
AU  - Yoshiya Hashimoto
AU  - Aki Nishiura
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO  - 10.3390/ijms27209337
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9337
AB  - Owing to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a promising biomaterial in dental and medical fields. However, PEEK lacks osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties for efficient bone regeneration. In the present study, we aimed to develop a porous PEEK scaffold integrating gelatin hydrogel as a carrier for the sustained delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and evaluate its bone regeneration potential. The pores in the three-dimensional printed porous PEEK were filled with an aqueous solution of gelatin, followed by freeze-drying and dehydrothermal crosslinking to obtain a porous PEEK scaffold with gelatin hydrogel (Gel-PEEK). BMP-2 dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline was impregnated into Gel-PEEK to obtain Gel-PEEK incorporating BMP-2 (BMP-2@Gel-PEEK). After confirming the sustained release of BMP-2 from Gel-PEEK in vitro, the bone regeneration potential of BMP-2@Gel-PEEK was evaluated using a model of critical-sized calvarial defects in rats. Micro-computed tomography and histological analyses demonstrated augmented bone regeneration by BMP-2@Gel-PEEK compared with PEEK only and Gel-PEEK without incorporating BMP-2. These findings suggest that through the sustained release of BMP-2, the porous PEEK with gelatin hydrogel is a promising platform for bone regeneration.
SN  - 1422-0067
ER  -