Elucidating shared genetic signals between type 2 diabetes and three neurodegenerative dementia phenotypes

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and dementia frequently co-occur, yet the biological mechanisms underlying this comorbidity remain incompletely understood. Here, we systematically investigate shared genetic signals between T2D and three forms of neurodegenerative dementia (Alzheimer disease, Lewy body dementia, and sporadic frontotemporal dementia) using large-scale genome-wide association studies of clinically diagnosed individuals. We identify five genomic regions harboring shared association signals between T2D and at least one dementia subtype. Among these, the APOE locus was common to all dementia subtypes, whereas the remaining four loci (GBA, CRY2/PEX16/MAPK8IP1, INO80E, and NSF) were each shared exclusively between T2D and one dementia subtype. Integrating multi-omics data across several disease-relevant tissues and orthogonal lines of functional evidence, we prioritize 26 candidate genes through which these shared genetic loci potentially mediate their effect. Pathway enrichment highlights lipid and lipoprotein regulatory biology as a central shared axis. Mendelian randomization analyses using genetically regulated gene expression in relevant tissues indicate pleiotropic mechanisms with divergent phenotypic consequences. Our findings identify shared genetic loci between T2D and neurodegenerative dementia, revealing systemic metabolic-neurodegenerative trade-offs and highlighting key genes that underpin the comorbidity, providing a framework for improved understanding of age-related multi-morbidity.

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BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@article{arruda2026elucidating,
  title = {{Elucidating shared genetic signals between type 2 diabetes and three neurodegenerative dementia phenotypes}},
  author = {Ana Luiza Arruda and Archit Singh and Ozvan Bocher and Benjamin F Voight and Andrew P Morris and Eleftheria Zeggini},
  journal = {Human Genetics and Genomics Advances},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1016/j.xhgg.2026.100667},
  url = {https://hal.science/hal-05773558v1},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

RIS

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Elucidating shared genetic signals between type 2 diabetes and three neurodegenerative dementia phenotypes
AU  - Ana Luiza Arruda
AU  - Archit Singh
AU  - Ozvan Bocher
AU  - Benjamin F Voight
AU  - Andrew P Morris
AU  - Eleftheria Zeggini
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
JO  - Human Genetics and Genomics Advances
DO  - 10.1016/j.xhgg.2026.100667
UR  - https://hal.science/hal-05773558v1
AB  - Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and dementia frequently co-occur, yet the biological mechanisms underlying this comorbidity remain incompletely understood. Here, we systematically investigate shared genetic signals between T2D and three forms of neurodegenerative dementia (Alzheimer disease, Lewy body dementia, and sporadic frontotemporal dementia) using large-scale genome-wide association studies of clinically diagnosed individuals. We identify five genomic regions harboring shared association signals between T2D and at least one dementia subtype. Among these, the APOE locus was common to all dementia subtypes, whereas the remaining four loci (GBA, CRY2/PEX16/MAPK8IP1, INO80E, and NSF) were each shared exclusively between T2D and one dementia subtype. Integrating multi-omics data across several disease-relevant tissues and orthogonal lines of functional evidence, we prioritize 26 candidate genes through which these shared genetic loci potentially mediate their effect. Pathway enrichment highlights lipid and lipoprotein regulatory biology as a central shared axis. Mendelian randomization analyses using genetically regulated gene expression in relevant tissues indicate pleiotropic mechanisms with divergent phenotypic consequences. Our findings identify shared genetic loci between T2D and neurodegenerative dementia, revealing systemic metabolic-neurodegenerative trade-offs and highlighting key genes that underpin the comorbidity, providing a framework for improved understanding of age-related multi-morbidity.
SN  - 2666-2477
ER  -

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