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Peer-reviewedCC BYFoods (Basel, Switzerland)

DNA Barcoding and Comparative Nutritional Profiling of "Cod" () Products from Chinese E-Commerce Platforms.

  • Shuai Che1
  • Rong Huang1
  • Chaoqun Wang1
  • Ang Li1
  • Shufang Liu1
  • Zhimeng Zhuang1
  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Abstract

The commercial designation "cod" () is applied to multiple fish species, raising concerns regarding seafood authenticity and nutritional consistency. This study combined DNA barcoding with comparative nutritional profiling to authenticate frozen products marketed as "cod" () from major Chinese e-commerce platforms and to evaluate nutritional differences among the identified species. Among the 36 products analyzed, eight fish species were identified: three Gadiformes species (55.6%) and five non-Gadiformes species (44.4%). Interspecific differences were observed in proximate composition, amino acid composition, free amino acid profiles, and fatty acid composition. True cod species exhibited higher protein contents (>19.0%), lower lipid contents (0.51-1.02%), and higher proportions of EPA + DHA (35.61-37.10% of total fatty acids) than non-Gadiformes species. In contrast, non-Gadiformes species generally contained higher lipid levels (15.02-23.09%), lower proportions of long-chain ω-3 PUFA, and distinct flavor-related amino acid profiles. Lepidocybium flavobrunneum showed the lowest EPA + DHA proportion (5.81%) and the highest concentration of bitter-tasting free amino acids (0.661 g/100 g). These findings reveal substantial nutritional heterogeneity among the authenticated species marketed as "cod" (), demonstrating that DNA barcoding provides an essential foundation for linking species identity to nutritional quality assessment.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{che2026barcoding,
  title = {{DNA Barcoding and Comparative Nutritional Profiling of "Cod" () Products from Chinese E-Commerce Platforms.}},
  author = {Shuai Che and Rong Huang and Chaoqun Wang and Ang Li and Shufang Liu and Zhimeng Zhuang},
  journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/foods15193575},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883683},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - DNA Barcoding and Comparative Nutritional Profiling of "Cod" () Products from Chinese E-Commerce Platforms.
AU  - Shuai Che
AU  - Rong Huang
AU  - Chaoqun Wang
AU  - Ang Li
AU  - Shufang Liu
AU  - Zhimeng Zhuang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
JO  - Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
DO  - 10.3390/foods15193575
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883683
AB  - The commercial designation "cod" () is applied to multiple fish species, raising concerns regarding seafood authenticity and nutritional consistency. This study combined DNA barcoding with comparative nutritional profiling to authenticate frozen products marketed as "cod" () from major Chinese e-commerce platforms and to evaluate nutritional differences among the identified species. Among the 36 products analyzed, eight fish species were identified: three Gadiformes species (55.6%) and five non-Gadiformes species (44.4%). Interspecific differences were observed in proximate composition, amino acid composition, free amino acid profiles, and fatty acid composition. True cod species exhibited higher protein contents (>19.0%), lower lipid contents (0.51-1.02%), and higher proportions of EPA + DHA (35.61-37.10% of total fatty acids) than non-Gadiformes species. In contrast, non-Gadiformes species generally contained higher lipid levels (15.02-23.09%), lower proportions of long-chain ω-3 PUFA, and distinct flavor-related amino acid profiles. Lepidocybium flavobrunneum showed the lowest EPA + DHA proportion (5.81%) and the highest concentration of bitter-tasting free amino acids (0.661 g/100 g). These findings reveal substantial nutritional heterogeneity among the authenticated species marketed as "cod" (), demonstrating that DNA barcoding provides an essential foundation for linking species identity to nutritional quality assessment.
SN  - 2304-8158
ER  -