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Peer-reviewedCC BYPLOS One

Poor sleep quality and anxiety in patients with diabetes mellitus and its association with glycemic control: A cross-sectional study

  • Wissal Baghdad1,2,3
  • Amal Satté2
  • Otmane El Harrati1,2
  • Mohamed Yassine El Brouzi1
  • Zakaria Bernoussi2,4
  • Amine Raggabi2
  • Ihsane Hmamouchi5,6
  • Naoual El Omri3
  • Fadoua Mekouar3
  • Abdelhalem Mesfioui1
  • Youssef Sqalli Houssaini1
  • Aboubaker El Hessni1
6 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biology and Health, Neuroscience, Neuro-Immunology and Behavior Unit, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco.
  2. 2Department of Neurophysiology, Mohammed V Military Instruction Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.
  3. 3Department of Internal Medicine, Mohamed V Military Instruction Hospital, Rabat, Morocco.
  4. 4Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Physiology and Physiopathology Research Team, Genomics of Human Pathology Research Center, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
  5. 5Department of Musculoskeletal Diseases, Hôpital UIR, Salé, Morocco.
  6. 6Health Sciences Research Centre (CReSS), International University of Rabat (UIR), Rabat, Morocco.
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Abstract

Background/objective: Sleep is crucial for maintaining physical and mental health, and poor sleep quality is associated with an increased risk of metabolic, cognitive, and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to assess sleep quality and factors associated with poor sleep quality, such as mental disorders, especially anxiety, in adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Morocco. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with type 2 diabetes, using random selection, aged 39–85, in the clinical neurophysiology and internal medicine department of the Mohammed V Military Instruction Hospital, between 30/09/2024 and 30/12/2024. The questionnaire comprised demographic data, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Descriptive tests, independent two-sample t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regressions were performed using Jamovi version 2.6.2. Results: Out of the 120 participants, the mean age of our patients was 65.4 ± 9.32 years, of whom 66.67% were women. The mean PSQI score was 9.18 ± 3.73, and the mean GAD-7 score was 8.0 ± 6.11. Poor sleep quality was reported in 84.2% of participants, while a binary logistic regression analysis revealed that poor sleep quality was not significantly associated with high HbA1c, but rather was highly significant with age and GAD-7. Conclusion: The study reveals that poor sleep quality is common among type 2 diabetic patients in Morocco, and is strongly associated with generalized anxiety disorders. These findings underscore the crucial role of psychological factors in diabetes management. They highlight the need for a comprehensive and integrated approach that takes into account not only biomedical aspects but also the psychological and behavioral dimensions of patients.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{baghdad2026poor,
  title = {{Poor sleep quality and anxiety in patients with diabetes mellitus and its association with glycemic control: A cross-sectional study}},
  author = {Wissal Baghdad and Amal Satté and Otmane El Harrati and Mohamed Yassine El Brouzi and Zakaria Bernoussi and Amine Raggabi and Ihsane Hmamouchi and Naoual El Omri and Fadoua Mekouar and Abdelhalem Mesfioui and Youssef Sqalli Houssaini and Aboubaker El Hessni},
  journal = {PLOS One},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0361467},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361467},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Poor sleep quality and anxiety in patients with diabetes mellitus and its association with glycemic control: A cross-sectional study
AU  - Wissal Baghdad
AU  - Amal Satté
AU  - Otmane El Harrati
AU  - Mohamed Yassine El Brouzi
AU  - Zakaria Bernoussi
AU  - Amine Raggabi
AU  - Ihsane Hmamouchi
AU  - Naoual El Omri
AU  - Fadoua Mekouar
AU  - Abdelhalem Mesfioui
AU  - Youssef Sqalli Houssaini
AU  - Aboubaker El Hessni
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/11
JO  - PLOS One
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0361467
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361467
AB  - Background/objective: Sleep is crucial for maintaining physical and mental health, and poor sleep quality is associated with an increased risk of metabolic, cognitive, and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to assess sleep quality and factors associated with poor sleep quality, such as mental disorders, especially anxiety, in adult patients with type 2 diabetes in Morocco. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with type 2 diabetes, using random selection, aged 39–85, in the clinical neurophysiology and internal medicine department of the Mohammed V Military Instruction Hospital, between 30/09/2024 and 30/12/2024. The questionnaire comprised demographic data, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Descriptive tests, independent two-sample t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regressions were performed using Jamovi version 2.6.2. Results: Out of the 120 participants, the mean age of our patients was 65.4 ± 9.32 years, of whom 66.67% were women. The mean PSQI score was 9.18 ± 3.73, and the mean GAD-7 score was 8.0 ± 6.11. Poor sleep quality was reported in 84.2% of participants, while a binary logistic regression analysis revealed that poor sleep quality was not significantly associated with high HbA1c, but rather was highly significant with age and GAD-7. Conclusion: The study reveals that poor sleep quality is common among type 2 diabetic patients in Morocco, and is strongly associated with generalized anxiety disorders. These findings underscore the crucial role of psychological factors in diabetes management. They highlight the need for a comprehensive and integrated approach that takes into account not only biomedical aspects but also the psychological and behavioral dimensions of patients.
SN  - 1932-6203
ER  -