Universal model of the growth of III-V tetrahedral semiconductors on polar surfaces: pyramids and glue atoms. II. Adsorption of nonmetal atoms (N, P, As, and Sb) on Ga-terminated surfaces
Abstract
Ab initio calculations were used to simulate the adsorption processes on Ga-terminated surfaces of tetrahedral semiconductors: GaN, GaP, GaAs and GaSb. The considered adsorbates are nonmetal species, i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony on wurtzite gallium nitride, i.e., GaN(0001) surfaces, zinc blende gallium phosphide, i.e., GaP(111), gallium arsenide, GaAs(111), and gallium antimonide, GaSb (111) surfaces. The cases investigated include single adsorbed nonmetal atoms and full coverage, i.e. theta=1 of these surfaces. The calculated results include the stable sites and the energies of the single adsorbed atoms: located at H3 sites at low coverage and in on-top positions at high coverage for GaP, GaAs and GaSb. At high nitrogen coverage, the N2 admolecules are formed, weakly attached to the surface. The calculated electronic properties of the single-adatom systems include the band diagrams of the slabs in real and momentum space, the energies of the quantum states. In addition, the overlaps of the quantum states of the nonmetal adatoms and the nearest topmost surface Ga atoms are given. The full coverage data include the atomic configurations and the bond energies of the adsorbed layers. The electronic properties include the above-mentioned data for single adatoms, together with additional properties related to interactions between adsorbed atoms. The evaporation stability analysis confirms that the adatoms stabilize the topmost Ga atoms against detachment because of the high energy barrier of DE > 3 eV which is further increased to DE > 4 eV by coverage located at H3 sites. Thus, growth simulations should employ unreconstructed Ga-terminated surfaces covered by nonmetal atoms located at on-top positions.
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BibTeX
@misc{strak2026universal,
title = {{Universal model of the growth of III-V tetrahedral semiconductors on polar surfaces: pyramids and glue atoms. II. Adsorption of nonmetal atoms (N, P, As, and Sb) on Ga-terminated surfaces}},
author = {Pawel Strak and Stanisław Krukowski},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.41571},
eprint = {2610.41571},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41571},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Universal model of the growth of III-V tetrahedral semiconductors on polar surfaces: pyramids and glue atoms. II. Adsorption of nonmetal atoms (N, P, As, and Sb) on Ga-terminated surfaces
AU - Pawel Strak
AU - Stanisław Krukowski
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.41571
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41571
AB - Ab initio calculations were used to simulate the adsorption processes on Ga-terminated surfaces of tetrahedral semiconductors: GaN, GaP, GaAs and GaSb. The considered adsorbates are nonmetal species, i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony on wurtzite gallium nitride, i.e., GaN(0001) surfaces, zinc blende gallium phosphide, i.e., GaP(111), gallium arsenide, GaAs(111), and gallium antimonide, GaSb (111) surfaces. The cases investigated include single adsorbed nonmetal atoms and full coverage, i.e. theta=1 of these surfaces. The calculated results include the stable sites and the energies of the single adsorbed atoms: located at H3 sites at low coverage and in on-top positions at high coverage for GaP, GaAs and GaSb. At high nitrogen coverage, the N2 admolecules are formed, weakly attached to the surface. The calculated electronic properties of the single-adatom systems include the band diagrams of the slabs in real and momentum space, the energies of the quantum states. In addition, the overlaps of the quantum states of the nonmetal adatoms and the nearest topmost surface Ga atoms are given. The full coverage data include the atomic configurations and the bond energies of the adsorbed layers. The electronic properties include the above-mentioned data for single adatoms, together with additional properties related to interactions between adsorbed atoms. The evaporation stability analysis confirms that the adatoms stabilize the topmost Ga atoms against detachment because of the high energy barrier of DE > 3 eV which is further increased to DE > 4 eV by coverage located at H3 sites. Thus, growth simulations should employ unreconstructed Ga-terminated surfaces covered by nonmetal atoms located at on-top positions.
ER -