Skip to content
DraconiticResearch
Search Sources API
203,203 studies31 sourcesUpdated just now
Peer-reviewedCC BYJAC-antimicrobial resistance

Molecular epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in a referral hospital in Lima, Peru.

  • Eddie Angles-Yanqui1
  • Katherine Yauri-Condor2
  • Jorge Velásquez-Pomar3
  • Rosa Hernandez-Hernandez3
  • Angel Salazar3
  • Pamela Yañez4
  • Diana Flores-Leon4,5
  • Ronnie G Gavilan4,5
5 affiliations
  1. 1Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
  2. 2Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Biomédicas y Medioambientales (CITBM), Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.
  3. 3Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Perú.
  4. 4Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú.
  5. 5Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Perú.
Read full textPDFDOICite

Abstract

Background

Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) represent a significant public health threat, as they are associated with high mortality in healthcare settings. Carbapenemase production is the predominant resistance mechanism, and horizontal gene transfer drives the rapid dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).Objectives

This study aimed to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic AMR profiles of CR-GNB isolated from patients at Arzobispo Loayza National Hospital (Lima, Peru) between October 2021 and January 2022.Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study and collected clinical and epidemiological data from patients with bacterial infections. MALDI-TOF identified pathogens, and antimicrobial susceptibility was interpreted according to CLSI guidelines. A subset of isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing (Illumina) to determine genomic resistance markers.Results

A total of 159 patients were included (median age = 54 years; 66.7% male); 72.3% had confirmed clinical infections, and 66% were admitted to the ICU. The most frequent infection types were pneumonia, urinary tract infection and bacteraemia. Overall, 97.5% of isolates were classified as XDR. Carbapenem resistance approached 100% (imipenem 99.4%, meropenem 98.7%). Whole-genome data revealed clonal diversity among Klebsiella pneumoniae (ST13/ST15) carrying bla NDM-1; Acinetobacter baumannii uniformly harboured bla OXA-23; and Pseudomonas aeruginosa included high-risk clones ST357 (bla IMP-93) and ST111 (bla IMP-18, bla VIM-2).Conclusions

These findings demonstrate a critical burden of XDR-GNB and the presence of multiple carbapenemases (NDM, IMP, KPC and VIM) associated with clinically relevant high-risk lineages. Strengthening molecular surveillance, optimizing antimicrobial stewardship and reinforcing infection-control measures are urgently needed to contain CR-GNB in critical-care settings in Peru.

Related

  1. Co-Circulation of ST11-KL30 and ST11-KL64 Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China: Molecular Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Virulence
    Hefei Zha, Qian Shi, Yongxin Li +2
    Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)Peer-reviewedCC BYFull textGeneral medicineEurope PMCDOAJ
  2. L-histidine metabolic reprogramming is associated with imipenem-relebactam resistance in carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae
    Jun Li, Haolan Wang, Yuyao Wang +6
    Scientific ReportsPeer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0General medicineCrossref
  3. Association of Carbapenemase Gene Profiles with Ceftazidime–avibactam Resistance in Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
    Elif Tuğçe Güner, Ayfer Bakır, Cemal Çiçek +1
    International Journal of Molecular SciencesPeer-reviewedCC BY 4.0General medicineCrossref
  4. Beyond Resistance: Carbapenemase Gene Profiles and Mortality in ICU Patients with Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections
    Esra Kaya, Elif Okumuş, Elif Gülsüm Torun
    International Journal of Molecular SciencesPeer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Full textGeneral medicineCrossrefEurope PMC
  5. Molecular epidemiological analysis of a suspected nosocomial outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella aerogenes.
    Mahoko Ikeda, Sachiko Hirose, Satomi Takei +7
    Infection prevention in practicePeer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDFull textInfectious diseaseEurope PMC

Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{anglesyanqui2026molecular,
  title = {{Molecular epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in a referral hospital in Lima, Peru.}},
  author = {Eddie Angles-Yanqui and Katherine Yauri-Condor and Jorge Velásquez-Pomar and Rosa Hernandez-Hernandez and Angel Salazar and Pamela Yañez and Diana Flores-Leon and Ronnie G Gavilan},
  journal = {JAC-antimicrobial resistance},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1093/jacamr/dlag236},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42909907},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Molecular epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in a referral hospital in Lima, Peru.
AU  - Eddie Angles-Yanqui
AU  - Katherine Yauri-Condor
AU  - Jorge Velásquez-Pomar
AU  - Rosa Hernandez-Hernandez
AU  - Angel Salazar
AU  - Pamela Yañez
AU  - Diana Flores-Leon
AU  - Ronnie G Gavilan
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/21
JO  - JAC-antimicrobial resistance
DO  - 10.1093/jacamr/dlag236
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42909907
AB  - Background  Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) represent a significant public health threat, as they are associated with high mortality in healthcare settings. Carbapenemase production is the predominant resistance mechanism, and horizontal gene transfer drives the rapid dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).Objectives  This study aimed to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic AMR profiles of CR-GNB isolated from patients at Arzobispo Loayza National Hospital (Lima, Peru) between October 2021 and January 2022.Methods  We conducted a cross-sectional study and collected clinical and epidemiological data from patients with bacterial infections. MALDI-TOF identified pathogens, and antimicrobial susceptibility was interpreted according to CLSI guidelines. A subset of isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing (Illumina) to determine genomic resistance markers.Results  A total of 159 patients were included (median age = 54 years; 66.7% male); 72.3% had confirmed clinical infections, and 66% were admitted to the ICU. The most frequent infection types were pneumonia, urinary tract infection and bacteraemia. Overall, 97.5% of isolates were classified as XDR. Carbapenem resistance approached 100% (imipenem 99.4%, meropenem 98.7%). Whole-genome data revealed clonal diversity among Klebsiella pneumoniae (ST13/ST15) carrying bla NDM-1; Acinetobacter baumannii uniformly harboured bla OXA-23; and Pseudomonas aeruginosa included high-risk clones ST357 (bla IMP-93) and ST111 (bla IMP-18, bla VIM-2).Conclusions  These findings demonstrate a critical burden of XDR-GNB and the presence of multiple carbapenemases (NDM, IMP, KPC and VIM) associated with clinically relevant high-risk lineages. Strengthening molecular surveillance, optimizing antimicrobial stewardship and reinforcing infection-control measures are urgently needed to contain CR-GNB in critical-care settings in Peru.
SN  - 2632-1823
ER  -