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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0BMC Infectious Diseases

Lymphadenopathy associated with Bartonella spp. in southern Iran

  • Hossein Cohan1
  • Amir Hesam Nemati2,3
  • Ahmad Ghasemi2,4
  • Mohammad Mehdi Gooya5
  • Abdoljabbar Zakeri6
  • Saber Esmaeili2,3
  • Ehsan Mostafavi2,3
6 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Ka.C, Karaj, Iran
  2. 2National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Kabudar Ahang, Iran
  3. 3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4Department of Microbiology, Research Center of Reference Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5Center of Disease Control (CDC), Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Abstract

Background: Bartonella species are vector-borne zoonotic pathogens responsible for a wide clinical spectrum of human infections, ranging from asymptomatic or subclinical presentations to self-limiting illnesses and severe, potentially life-threatening diseases. However, data on human infections caused by many newly described or lesser-known Bartonella species remain scarce or entirely lacking.

Case presentation: We report two cases of lymphadenopathy caused by Bartonella species which are genotypically closely related with Bartonella gabonensis and “Candidatus Bartonella gerbillinarum”, in southern Iran. Bartonella DNA was detected in lymph node biopsy specimens using PCR-based assays. Both patients responded favorably to a combination of antibiotic therapy and surgical management, resulting in complete clinical recovery.

Conclusions: These rodent-associated Bartonella species have not previously been documented as human pathogens in clinical settings. Our findings raise significant concerns regarding the potential emergence of rodent-borne bartonellosis and underscore the need for heightened surveillance and further investigation within a One Health framework.

Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13964-6.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{cohan2026lymphadenopathy,
  title = {{Lymphadenopathy associated with Bartonella spp. in southern Iran}},
  author = {Hossein Cohan and Amir Hesam Nemati and Ahmad Ghasemi and Mohammad Mehdi Gooya and Abdoljabbar Zakeri and Saber Esmaeili and Ehsan Mostafavi},
  journal = {BMC Infectious Diseases},
  year = {2026},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1186/s12879-026-13964-6},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13964-6},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Lymphadenopathy associated with Bartonella spp. in southern Iran
AU  - Hossein Cohan
AU  - Amir Hesam Nemati
AU  - Ahmad Ghasemi
AU  - Mohammad Mehdi Gooya
AU  - Abdoljabbar Zakeri
AU  - Saber Esmaeili
AU  - Ehsan Mostafavi
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/06
JO  - BMC Infectious Diseases
DO  - 10.1186/s12879-026-13964-6
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13964-6
AB  - Background: Bartonella species are vector-borne zoonotic pathogens responsible for a wide clinical spectrum of human infections, ranging from asymptomatic or subclinical presentations to self-limiting illnesses and severe, potentially life-threatening diseases. However, data on human infections caused by many newly described or lesser-known Bartonella species remain scarce or entirely lacking.  Case presentation: We report two cases of lymphadenopathy caused by Bartonella species which are genotypically closely related with Bartonella gabonensis and “Candidatus Bartonella gerbillinarum”, in southern Iran. Bartonella DNA was detected in lymph node biopsy specimens using PCR-based assays. Both patients responded favorably to a combination of antibiotic therapy and surgical management, resulting in complete clinical recovery.  Conclusions: These rodent-associated Bartonella species have not previously been documented as human pathogens in clinical settings. Our findings raise significant concerns regarding the potential emergence of rodent-borne bartonellosis and underscore the need for heightened surveillance and further investigation within a One Health framework.  Clinical trial number: Not applicable.  Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-13964-6.
SN  - 1471-2334
ER  -