The GHEMMS checklist: design, conduct, and reporting guidance for studies modelling climate mitigation actions and their health cobenefits
7 affiliations
- 1Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Electronic address: [email protected]
- 2Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- 3Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; London International Development Centre, London, UK
- 4Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- 5School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- 6UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
- 7Institute of Economics, Geography, and Demography, Spanish National Research Council (IEGD-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain
Abstract
Climate mitigation actions can deliver numerous health cobenefits, providing opportunities to frame greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions in terms of their immediate benefits to human life. Health effects of mitigation (HEM) modelling studies help to evidence these human health benefits, driving progress towards net-zero GHG emissions by 2050. However, HEM modelling studies often contain inappropriate heterogeneity, resulting in inefficiencies in evidence development, synthesis, and use, thus hindering policy implementation. We developed the guidance for health effects of mitigation modelling studies (GHEMMS) checklist after performing an umbrella review of HEM research and existing guidance, consulting interest holders, conducting iterative testing on HEM modelling literature, and piloting. This novel checklist is a tool to guide best practice for the design, conduct, and reporting of HEM modelling studies. The GHEMMS checklist contains 30 items divided into seven main categories: (1) planning and protocol, (2) background context, (3) defining the scenarios, (4) GHG modelling, (5) health modelling, (6) validity, and (7) reporting. The GHEMMS checklist addresses methodological heterogeneity and nontransparency in current HEM research. It provides a structured approach for modelling the GHG impact and health cobenefits of climate mitigation actions, thereby enhancing comparability, clarity, and policy relevance.
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BibTeX
@article{reynolds2026ghemms,
title = {{The GHEMMS checklist: design, conduct, and reporting guidance for studies modelling climate mitigation actions and their health cobenefits}},
author = {Tamzin Reynolds and James Milner and Hugh Sharma Waddington and Blanca Anton and Lorna Benton and Kristine Belesova and Sarah Whitmee and Rebecca Newbould and Soledad Cuevas and Esther Louise Curtin and Rosemary Green and Andy Haines},
journal = {The Lancet Planetary Health},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.1016/j.lanplh.2026.101474},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanplh.2026.101474},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - The GHEMMS checklist: design, conduct, and reporting guidance for studies modelling climate mitigation actions and their health cobenefits
AU - Tamzin Reynolds
AU - James Milner
AU - Hugh Sharma Waddington
AU - Blanca Anton
AU - Lorna Benton
AU - Kristine Belesova
AU - Sarah Whitmee
AU - Rebecca Newbould
AU - Soledad Cuevas
AU - Esther Louise Curtin
AU - Rosemary Green
AU - Andy Haines
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/01
JO - The Lancet Planetary Health
DO - 10.1016/j.lanplh.2026.101474
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanplh.2026.101474
AB - Climate mitigation actions can deliver numerous health cobenefits, providing opportunities to frame greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions in terms of their immediate benefits to human life. Health effects of mitigation (HEM) modelling studies help to evidence these human health benefits, driving progress towards net-zero GHG emissions by 2050. However, HEM modelling studies often contain inappropriate heterogeneity, resulting in inefficiencies in evidence development, synthesis, and use, thus hindering policy implementation. We developed the guidance for health effects of mitigation modelling studies (GHEMMS) checklist after performing an umbrella review of HEM research and existing guidance, consulting interest holders, conducting iterative testing on HEM modelling literature, and piloting. This novel checklist is a tool to guide best practice for the design, conduct, and reporting of HEM modelling studies. The GHEMMS checklist contains 30 items divided into seven main categories: (1) planning and protocol, (2) background context, (3) defining the scenarios, (4) GHG modelling, (5) health modelling, (6) validity, and (7) reporting. The GHEMMS checklist addresses methodological heterogeneity and nontransparency in current HEM research. It provides a structured approach for modelling the GHG impact and health cobenefits of climate mitigation actions, thereby enhancing comparability, clarity, and policy relevance.
SN - 2542-5196
ER -