Walking Floquet code circuits for zero-overhead leakage reduction
Abstract
Leakage, occurring when a qubit undetectably exits the computational subspace, poses a significant challenge for quantum error correction by inducing correlated errors in space and time. These correlations reduce both the code threshold and the effective code distance. To address this challenge, we introduce two zero-overhead walking circuits for the honeycomb Floquet code (hFC), termed the swirling and sliding circuits, which periodically remove leakage while dynamically protecting logical qubits via a schedule of anticommuting two-body measurements. Unlike previous dynamic circuits for the hFC, ours preserves the distance to Pauli errors. We further study their performance under leakage and find that, for two leakage noise models, they may correct as many leakage errors as Pauli errors, improving on the more widely known walking surface code. Through numerical simulation, we observe that finite-error-rate performance under leakage is strongly influenced by entropic effects, producing a pronounced waterfall regime in which the logical error rate decreases much more rapidly with physical error rate than the expected distance-limited scaling. In this regime, even when asymptotic predictions suggest otherwise, the hFC can outperform the same-distance walking surface code in error rates and sub-threshold logical error scaling.
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BibTeX
@misc{westerheim2026walking,
title = {{Walking Floquet code circuits for zero-overhead leakage reduction}},
author = {Hanna Westerheim and Kaavya Sahay and Shruti Puri},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.10666},
eprint = {2609.10666},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.10666},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Walking Floquet code circuits for zero-overhead leakage reduction
AU - Hanna Westerheim
AU - Kaavya Sahay
AU - Shruti Puri
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/09
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.10666
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.10666
AB - Leakage, occurring when a qubit undetectably exits the computational subspace, poses a significant challenge for quantum error correction by inducing correlated errors in space and time. These correlations reduce both the code threshold and the effective code distance. To address this challenge, we introduce two zero-overhead walking circuits for the honeycomb Floquet code (hFC), termed the swirling and sliding circuits, which periodically remove leakage while dynamically protecting logical qubits via a schedule of anticommuting two-body measurements. Unlike previous dynamic circuits for the hFC, ours preserves the distance to Pauli errors. We further study their performance under leakage and find that, for two leakage noise models, they may correct as many leakage errors as Pauli errors, improving on the more widely known walking surface code. Through numerical simulation, we observe that finite-error-rate performance under leakage is strongly influenced by entropic effects, producing a pronounced waterfall regime in which the logical error rate decreases much more rapidly with physical error rate than the expected distance-limited scaling. In this regime, even when asymptotic predictions suggest otherwise, the hFC can outperform the same-distance walking surface code in error rates and sub-threshold logical error scaling.
ER -