Environmental sustainability in sports clubs: development and preliminary validation of the GreenTennis-SUSCLUB questionnaire
4 affiliations
- 1Faculty of Sport, Catholic University of Murcia , ,
- 2Department of International Sport Management, The Hague University of Applied Sciences , ,
- 3Department of Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , ,
- 4Faculty of Nursing, Catholic University of Murcia , ,
Abstract
Introduction: As environmental sustainability becomes an increasingly important challenge for sport organizations, understanding the psychological determinants of pro-environmental behavior among sport professionals is essential. However, instruments specifically designed for sport settings remain scarce. This study developed and preliminarily evaluated the GreenTennis-SUSCLUB questionnaire to assess sustainability-related psychological and behavioral dimensions in tennis clubs.
Methods: The instrument comprises 34 items in total: 6 sociodemographic items, 25 Likert-scale items covering five theoretical dimensions (Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, Barriers/Needs, and Self-efficacy/Commitment), and three open-ended questions. Content validity was established by an expert panel (n = 10), and the field version was completed by 99 tennis professionals from 28 European countries. Psychometric analyses included exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency (Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω), and thematic analysis of qualitative responses.
Results: The questionnaire demonstrated excellent content validity (S-CVI/Ave = .931) and satisfactory internal consistency across most dimensions (α = .831–.871), except for Barriers/Needs (α = .533). Factor analysis supported a four-factor structure, merging attitudes and self-efficacy/commitment. Findings revealed an attitude-behavior gap, with strong pro-environmental attitudes (M = 4.01) but lower implementation of sustainable practices (M = 3.47), mainly due to organizational, financial, and educational barriers.
Discussion: The GreenTennis-SUSCLUB provides a valid and reliable instrument for assessing sustainability-related psychological and behavioral factors, supporting future research and interventions to promote environmental sustainability in sport organizations.
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BibTeX
@article{garciaroca2026environmental,
title = {{Environmental sustainability in sports clubs: development and preliminary validation of the GreenTennis-SUSCLUB questionnaire}},
author = {Juan Alfonso García-Roca and María José Maciá-Andreu and María T. Morales-Belando and José Antonio Arranz-Escudero and Cem Tinaz and Grasiela Piuvezam and Eva Vegue-Parra},
journal = {Frontiers in sports and active living},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/fspor.2026.1987947},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13724483},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Environmental sustainability in sports clubs: development and preliminary validation of the GreenTennis-SUSCLUB questionnaire
AU - Juan Alfonso García-Roca
AU - María José Maciá-Andreu
AU - María T. Morales-Belando
AU - José Antonio Arranz-Escudero
AU - Cem Tinaz
AU - Grasiela Piuvezam
AU - Eva Vegue-Parra
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/19
JO - Frontiers in sports and active living
DO - 10.3389/fspor.2026.1987947
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13724483
AB - Introduction: As environmental sustainability becomes an increasingly important challenge for sport organizations, understanding the psychological determinants of pro-environmental behavior among sport professionals is essential. However, instruments specifically designed for sport settings remain scarce. This study developed and preliminarily evaluated the GreenTennis-SUSCLUB questionnaire to assess sustainability-related psychological and behavioral dimensions in tennis clubs. Methods: The instrument comprises 34 items in total: 6 sociodemographic items, 25 Likert-scale items covering five theoretical dimensions (Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, Barriers/Needs, and Self-efficacy/Commitment), and three open-ended questions. Content validity was established by an expert panel (n = 10), and the field version was completed by 99 tennis professionals from 28 European countries. Psychometric analyses included exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency (Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω), and thematic analysis of qualitative responses. Results: The questionnaire demonstrated excellent content validity (S-CVI/Ave = .931) and satisfactory internal consistency across most dimensions (α = .831–.871), except for Barriers/Needs (α = .533). Factor analysis supported a four-factor structure, merging attitudes and self-efficacy/commitment. Findings revealed an attitude-behavior gap, with strong pro-environmental attitudes (M = 4.01) but lower implementation of sustainable practices (M = 3.47), mainly due to organizational, financial, and educational barriers. Discussion: The GreenTennis-SUSCLUB provides a valid and reliable instrument for assessing sustainability-related psychological and behavioral factors, supporting future research and interventions to promote environmental sustainability in sport organizations.
SN - 2624-9367
ER -