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Peer-reviewedCC BYNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)

PEDOT:PSS-Based OECT Common-Source Amplifiers for Electrophysiological Signal Amplification

  • Kun Xu1
  • Weiming Luo1
  • Naichen Zhang1
  • Yixin Cao1
  • Xiaolei Li1
  • Yujing Zhang1
  • Yunqing Tang2
  1. 1College of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
  2. 2School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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Abstract

Stable amplification of weak electrophysiological signals is important for low-voltage bioelectronic interfaces, but the gain and waveform fidelity of organic electrochemical transistor (OECT)-based amplifiers are strongly influenced by device characteristics and bias conditions. Herein, we develop a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) vertical organic electrochemical transistor (vOECT) common-source amplifier using an integrated solid-state electrolyte and investigate its bias-dependent amplification behavior. The fabricated vOECTs exhibits typical p-type depletion-mode operation, effective gate-controlled current modulation, and a maximum transconductance of 22 mS. Transient measurements show reversible current switching with response time constants of 0.909 and 0.635 ms, while repeated gate-voltage modulation over approximately 1000 s confirms stable cycling behavior. Based on the measured transfer and output characteristics, a common-source amplifier model is constructed to analyze the relationship between gate bias, bias resistance, output swing, and voltage gain. By optimizing the voltage-divider bias network, the amplifier achieves a voltage gain of approximately 3.374. The optimized circuit amplifies sinusoidal signals from 1 to 100 Hz and simulated ECG, EEG, and EOG waveforms while preserving their main temporal features and producing the expected phase-inverted output. Distortion and frequency-response analyses further show a 1% total harmonic distortion point at an input peak amplitude of 113 mV and a −3 dB cut-off frequency of 625 Hz. These results demonstrate the importance of bias optimization for achieving stable low-frequency voltage amplification in PEDOT:PSS vOECT common-source amplifiers.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{xu2026pedotpssbased,
  title = {{PEDOT:PSS-Based OECT Common-Source Amplifiers for Electrophysiological Signal Amplification}},
  author = {Kun Xu and Weiming Luo and Naichen Zhang and Yixin Cao and Xiaolei Li and Yujing Zhang and Yunqing Tang},
  journal = {Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/nano16191274},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13666998},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - PEDOT:PSS-Based OECT Common-Source Amplifiers for Electrophysiological Signal Amplification
AU  - Kun Xu
AU  - Weiming Luo
AU  - Naichen Zhang
AU  - Yixin Cao
AU  - Xiaolei Li
AU  - Yujing Zhang
AU  - Yunqing Tang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
DO  - 10.3390/nano16191274
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13666998
AB  - Stable amplification of weak electrophysiological signals is important for low-voltage bioelectronic interfaces, but the gain and waveform fidelity of organic electrochemical transistor (OECT)-based amplifiers are strongly influenced by device characteristics and bias conditions. Herein, we develop a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) vertical organic electrochemical transistor (vOECT) common-source amplifier using an integrated solid-state electrolyte and investigate its bias-dependent amplification behavior. The fabricated vOECTs exhibits typical p-type depletion-mode operation, effective gate-controlled current modulation, and a maximum transconductance of 22 mS. Transient measurements show reversible current switching with response time constants of 0.909 and 0.635 ms, while repeated gate-voltage modulation over approximately 1000 s confirms stable cycling behavior. Based on the measured transfer and output characteristics, a common-source amplifier model is constructed to analyze the relationship between gate bias, bias resistance, output swing, and voltage gain. By optimizing the voltage-divider bias network, the amplifier achieves a voltage gain of approximately 3.374. The optimized circuit amplifies sinusoidal signals from 1 to 100 Hz and simulated ECG, EEG, and EOG waveforms while preserving their main temporal features and producing the expected phase-inverted output. Distortion and frequency-response analyses further show a 1% total harmonic distortion point at an input peak amplitude of 113 mV and a −3 dB cut-off frequency of 625 Hz. These results demonstrate the importance of bias optimization for achieving stable low-frequency voltage amplification in PEDOT:PSS vOECT common-source amplifiers.
SN  - 2079-4991
ER  -