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Peer-reviewedCC BYFrontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)

Comparison of MF and RMS EMG parameters in women with TMD and asymptomatic women during sustained bilateral submaximal bite force protocol.

  • Paulo Fernandes Pires1
  • Elisa Bizetti Pelai2
  • Samara Caroline Fernandes Galvani2,3
  • Bianca Pulino3,4
  • Marcio de Moraes5
  • Ester Moreira de Castro-Carletti6
  • Fabiana Foltran-Mescollott6
  • Raphael Capelli Guerra3,4
  • Delaine Rodrigues-Bigaton7
7 affiliations
  1. 1Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, State University of Northern Paraná - UENP - Jacarezinho (PR), Jacarezinho, Brazil.
  2. 2Post-Graduate Program in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil.
  3. 3Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Teaching and Research Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
  4. 4Albert Einstein College of Health Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil.
  5. 5Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
  6. 6Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba - UNIMEP - Piracicaba (SP), Brazil.
  7. 7Post-Graduate Program in Oral and Dental Biology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP - Piracicaba (SP), Brazil.
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Abstract

Introduction

Muscle fatigue is characterized by a reduction in the muscle's ability to generate force during voluntary contractions and can be assessed using surface electromyography (EMG) through the parameters of median frequency (MF) and root mean square (RMS).Objective

This study aimed to compare the Median Frequency (MF) and Root Mean Square (RMS) values of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles between women diagnosed with myogenic Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) and asymptomatic women during a sustained submaximal bilateral bite task on the molars.Methods

This cross-sectional study included 86 women, distributed into TMD and Control groups based on DC/TMD diagnosis. The angulation coefficient (β) of the linear regression line of the RMS and MF was evaluated in the submaximal bilateral molar bite task at 50% of the maximum bite force for 30 s.Results

A negative intragroup β coefficient was observed for MF in all muscles in both groups (p < 0.001 for all), indicating a decline in MF over time. A positive intragroup β coefficient was observed for RMS in all muscles in both groups, indicating an increase in RMS over time. The Control Group showed a significantly greater negative β coefficient for MF in the right masseter (p = 0.01) and left masseter (p = 0.01) muscles, indicating a steeper decline in MF during the fatigue protocol, and a significantly greater positive β coefficient for RMS in the left anterior temporalis muscle (p = 0.01), indicating a steeper increase in RMS, compared to the TMD Group.Conclusion

The long-duration submaximal bite task produced signs of muscle fatigue in both groups; however, signs of fatigue were significantly more pronounced in the Control Group, specifically in the masseter muscles (MF decline) and the left anterior temporalis muscle (RMS increase), challenging our initial hypothesis of greater fatigue in the myogenic TMD Group.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{pires2026comparison,
  title = {{Comparison of MF and RMS EMG parameters in women with TMD and asymptomatic women during sustained bilateral submaximal bite force protocol.}},
  author = {Paulo Fernandes Pires and Elisa Bizetti Pelai and Samara Caroline Fernandes Galvani and Bianca Pulino and Marcio de Moraes and Ester Moreira de Castro-Carletti and Fabiana Foltran-Mescollott and Raphael Capelli Guerra and Delaine Rodrigues-Bigaton},
  journal = {Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fpain.2026.1962220},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923400},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Comparison of MF and RMS EMG parameters in women with TMD and asymptomatic women during sustained bilateral submaximal bite force protocol.
AU  - Paulo Fernandes Pires
AU  - Elisa Bizetti Pelai
AU  - Samara Caroline Fernandes Galvani
AU  - Bianca Pulino
AU  - Marcio de Moraes
AU  - Ester Moreira de Castro-Carletti
AU  - Fabiana Foltran-Mescollott
AU  - Raphael Capelli Guerra
AU  - Delaine Rodrigues-Bigaton
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
JO  - Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)
DO  - 10.3389/fpain.2026.1962220
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923400
AB  - Introduction  Muscle fatigue is characterized by a reduction in the muscle's ability to generate force during voluntary contractions and can be assessed using surface electromyography (EMG) through the parameters of median frequency (MF) and root mean square (RMS).Objective  This study aimed to compare the Median Frequency (MF) and Root Mean Square (RMS) values of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles between women diagnosed with myogenic Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) and asymptomatic women during a sustained submaximal bilateral bite task on the molars.Methods  This cross-sectional study included 86 women, distributed into TMD and Control groups based on DC/TMD diagnosis. The angulation coefficient (β) of the linear regression line of the RMS and MF was evaluated in the submaximal bilateral molar bite task at 50% of the maximum bite force for 30 s.Results  A negative intragroup β coefficient was observed for MF in all muscles in both groups (p < 0.001 for all), indicating a decline in MF over time. A positive intragroup β coefficient was observed for RMS in all muscles in both groups, indicating an increase in RMS over time. The Control Group showed a significantly greater negative β coefficient for MF in the right masseter (p = 0.01) and left masseter (p = 0.01) muscles, indicating a steeper decline in MF during the fatigue protocol, and a significantly greater positive β coefficient for RMS in the left anterior temporalis muscle (p = 0.01), indicating a steeper increase in RMS, compared to the TMD Group.Conclusion  The long-duration submaximal bite task produced signs of muscle fatigue in both groups; however, signs of fatigue were significantly more pronounced in the Control Group, specifically in the masseter muscles (MF decline) and the left anterior temporalis muscle (RMS increase), challenging our initial hypothesis of greater fatigue in the myogenic TMD Group.
SN  - 2673-561X
ER  -