Impact of high molecular weight-hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) and astaxanthin gel in traumatic ulcer diabetes mellitus rats.
4 affiliations
- 1Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Hang Tuah, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
- 2Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
- 3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
- 4Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen.
Abstract
Objectives
The aims of this study were to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of a topical gel containing high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) and astaxanthin on traumatic ulcers in diabetic rats, which were assessed based on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression.Materials and methods
To establish a model of traumatic ulcer in diabetes, 40 healthy male Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) rats were administered a single dose of streptozotocin at 50 mg/kg body weight. They were then randomly assigned to four main treatments: base gel (BG); 0.2% HMW-HA gel (HMW-HA); 1% astaxanthin gel (AX); and 0.2% HMW-HA with 1% astaxanthin gel (HMW-HAX), and treated for 3 and 7 days (five rats per group). Immunohistochemical examinations of iNOS, NLRP3 inflammasome, and NRF2 expression were conducted to evaluate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze all data, followed by the post hoc Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05).Results
The reduction in iNOS expression differed significantly between BG (4 ± 1.00) and HMW-HAX (2 ± 0.50) on day 7 (p < 0.05). The elevation of NRF2 expression differed significantly between BG (3 ± 0.50; 4 ± 0.50) and HMW-HAX (5 ± 0.50; 6 ± 1.00) on days 3 and 7 (p < 0.05). The reduction in NLRP3 inflammasome expression differed significantly between BG (4 ± 0.50) and HMW-HAX (2 ± 0.50) on day 7 (p < 0.05). No significant differences in any markers were found under HMW-HA and AX on days 3 and 7 (p > 0.05).Conclusion
The combination of HMW-HA and astaxanthin topical gel had beneficial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on traumatic ulcers in rats under diabetic conditions, where it reduced iNOS and NLRP3 inflammasome expression but enhanced NRF2 expression.
Related
- Hyaluronic acid-based osmolality-responsive immediate-release microneedles co-loading baicalein and astaxanthin for oral ulcer therapy.
- Early-Diagnosed Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Molecular and Metabolic Evidence Before 24 Weeks of Gestation
- Clinical and molecular epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated intestinal Staphylococcus aureus colonization
- Hyaluronic Acid-Based Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering: From Molecular Properties to Re-Generative Applications
- From Genes to Diets: A Critical Review of Genetic, Nutrigenomic and Epigenetic Mechanisms in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
BibTeX
@article{andriani2026impact,
title = {{Impact of high molecular weight-hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) and astaxanthin gel in traumatic ulcer diabetes mellitus rats.}},
author = {Dwi Andriani and Retno I Roestamadji and Retno P Rahayu and Mohammed A Aljunaid},
journal = {Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1016/j.jtumed.2026.09.013},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42926837},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Impact of high molecular weight-hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) and astaxanthin gel in traumatic ulcer diabetes mellitus rats.
AU - Dwi Andriani
AU - Retno I Roestamadji
AU - Retno P Rahayu
AU - Mohammed A Aljunaid
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/14
JO - Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences
DO - 10.1016/j.jtumed.2026.09.013
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42926837
AB - Objectives The aims of this study were to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of a topical gel containing high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) and astaxanthin on traumatic ulcers in diabetic rats, which were assessed based on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression.Materials and methods To establish a model of traumatic ulcer in diabetes, 40 healthy male Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) rats were administered a single dose of streptozotocin at 50 mg/kg body weight. They were then randomly assigned to four main treatments: base gel (BG); 0.2% HMW-HA gel (HMW-HA); 1% astaxanthin gel (AX); and 0.2% HMW-HA with 1% astaxanthin gel (HMW-HAX), and treated for 3 and 7 days (five rats per group). Immunohistochemical examinations of iNOS, NLRP3 inflammasome, and NRF2 expression were conducted to evaluate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze all data, followed by the post hoc Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05).Results The reduction in iNOS expression differed significantly between BG (4 ± 1.00) and HMW-HAX (2 ± 0.50) on day 7 (p < 0.05). The elevation of NRF2 expression differed significantly between BG (3 ± 0.50; 4 ± 0.50) and HMW-HAX (5 ± 0.50; 6 ± 1.00) on days 3 and 7 (p < 0.05). The reduction in NLRP3 inflammasome expression differed significantly between BG (4 ± 0.50) and HMW-HAX (2 ± 0.50) on day 7 (p < 0.05). No significant differences in any markers were found under HMW-HA and AX on days 3 and 7 (p > 0.05).Conclusion The combination of HMW-HA and astaxanthin topical gel had beneficial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on traumatic ulcers in rats under diabetic conditions, where it reduced iNOS and NLRP3 inflammasome expression but enhanced NRF2 expression.
SN - 1658-3612
ER -