Lack of differential sperm acrosome-associated 1 gene expression between X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa in Bali bulls (Bos javanicus domesticus)
5 affiliations
- 1Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- 2Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- 3Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- 4Balai Besar Inseminasi Buatan Singosari (BBIB Singosari), Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health Services, Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia, Malang, Indonesia
- 5Department of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether the sperm acrosome-associated 1 (SPACA1) gene exhibits differential expression between X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa of Bali bulls and assess its potential as an RNA biomarker for sperm sexing. Sexed frozen semen (X or Y fractions) from Bali bulls was obtained from the Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center, Malang, Indonesia. Post-thaw semen quality was evaluated for motility, viability, abnormality, concentration, and plasma membrane integrity. Total RNA was extracted separately from X and Y fractions using easy-BLUE reagent, and SPACA1 expression was quantified by RT-qPCR using GAPDH as an internal control. Relative expression was calculated by the 2−ΔΔCt method, and group differences were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test. The SPACA1 expression was numerically higher in X-bearing than Y-bearing spermatozoa (1.00 versus 0.51), but the difference was not significant. Thus, SPACA1 transcripts do not provide a reliable molecular marker for sperm sex differentiation. Future work should focus on protein-level characterization of SPACA1 and exploration of sex-biased surface proteins for immunological sexing. This research supports Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger, by contributing to reproductive efficiency in livestock, and Sustainable Development Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, through development of cost-effective, sustainable sperm sexing technologies.
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BibTeX
@article{widjiati2026lack,
title = {{Lack of differential sperm acrosome-associated 1 gene expression between X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa in Bali bulls (Bos javanicus domesticus)}},
author = {Widjiati Widjiati and Suryo Kuncorojakti and Suherni Susilowati and Muhammad Yusuf and Sahiruddin and Masturi and Athhar Manabi Diansyah and Sigit Bintara and Aeni Nurlatifah and Yayuk Kholifah and Riski Lesta Mega and Devia Yoanita Kurniawati and Viski Fitri Hendrawan and Intan Firdha Olien Noor Al Ichsan},
journal = {Veterinary Research Forum},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.30466/vrf.2026.2077333.4986},
url = {https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2026.2077333.4986},
note = {CC BY-NC-SA 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Lack of differential sperm acrosome-associated 1 gene expression between X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa in Bali bulls (Bos javanicus domesticus)
AU - Widjiati Widjiati
AU - Suryo Kuncorojakti
AU - Suherni Susilowati
AU - Muhammad Yusuf
AU - Sahiruddin
AU - Masturi
AU - Athhar Manabi Diansyah
AU - Sigit Bintara
AU - Aeni Nurlatifah
AU - Yayuk Kholifah
AU - Riski Lesta Mega
AU - Devia Yoanita Kurniawati
AU - Viski Fitri Hendrawan
AU - Intan Firdha Olien Noor Al Ichsan
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/15
JO - Veterinary Research Forum
DO - 10.30466/vrf.2026.2077333.4986
UR - https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2026.2077333.4986
AB - This study aimed to determine whether the sperm acrosome-associated 1 (SPACA1) gene exhibits differential expression between X- and Y-bearing spermatozoa of Bali bulls and assess its potential as an RNA biomarker for sperm sexing. Sexed frozen semen (X or Y fractions) from Bali bulls was obtained from the Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center, Malang, Indonesia. Post-thaw semen quality was evaluated for motility, viability, abnormality, concentration, and plasma membrane integrity. Total RNA was extracted separately from X and Y fractions using easy-BLUE reagent, and SPACA1 expression was quantified by RT-qPCR using GAPDH as an internal control. Relative expression was calculated by the 2−ΔΔCt method, and group differences were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test. The SPACA1 expression was numerically higher in X-bearing than Y-bearing spermatozoa (1.00 versus 0.51), but the difference was not significant. Thus, SPACA1 transcripts do not provide a reliable molecular marker for sperm sex differentiation. Future work should focus on protein-level characterization of SPACA1 and exploration of sex-biased surface proteins for immunological sexing. This research supports Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger, by contributing to reproductive efficiency in livestock, and Sustainable Development Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, through development of cost-effective, sustainable sperm sexing technologies.
SN - 2008-8140
SN - 2322-3618
ER -