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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0The European Physical Journal C

Shadow of rotating black hole surrounded by dark matter

  • Haiyuan Feng1
  • Ziqiang Cai2
  • Rong-Jia Yang3
  • Jinjun Zhang1
  1. 1Shanxi Normal University
  2. 2Guizhou University
  3. 3Hebei University
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Abstract

Dark matter (DM), a fundamental cosmic component, motivates the study of its influence on black hole (BH) shadows, especially for spinning BHs confirmed by EHT observations. This work generalizes the Schwarzschild BH surrounded by DM to an axisymmetric Kerr BH using the Newman–Janis Algorithm (NJA), investigating the resulting event horizon and ergosphere structures. Employing null geodesics, we examine the effects of DM mass ( Δ M) Δ M ) on BH shadow, including its radius, distortion, and the associated energy emission rate. Our analysis reveals that DM has a negligible effect below a critical mass, once this threshold is surpassed, all BH structures expand significantly. Furthermore, DM robustly contributes to the shadow maintaining a near circular shape, even for highly spinning BHs. This pronounced structural expansion under high DM mass may potentially exceed current observational constraints, suggesting that DM must either be absent in the immediate vicinity of the BH or its localized mass must remain below this critical value to be consistent with astrophysical observations.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{feng2026shadow,
  title = {{Shadow of rotating black hole surrounded by dark matter}},
  author = {Haiyuan Feng and Ziqiang Cai and Rong-Jia Yang and Jinjun Zhang},
  journal = {The European Physical Journal C},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16437-x},
  url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16437-x},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Shadow of rotating black hole surrounded by dark matter
AU  - Haiyuan Feng
AU  - Ziqiang Cai
AU  - Rong-Jia Yang
AU  - Jinjun Zhang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/19
JO  - The European Physical Journal C
DO  - 10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16437-x
UR  - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16437-x
AB  - Dark matter (DM), a fundamental cosmic component, motivates the study of its influence on black hole (BH) shadows, especially for spinning BHs confirmed by EHT observations. This work generalizes the Schwarzschild BH surrounded by DM to an axisymmetric Kerr BH using the Newman–Janis Algorithm (NJA), investigating the resulting event horizon and ergosphere structures. Employing null geodesics, we examine the effects of DM mass ( Δ M) Δ M ) on BH shadow, including its radius, distortion, and the associated energy emission rate. Our analysis reveals that DM has a negligible effect below a critical mass, once this threshold is surpassed, all BH structures expand significantly. Furthermore, DM robustly contributes to the shadow maintaining a near circular shape, even for highly spinning BHs. This pronounced structural expansion under high DM mass may potentially exceed current observational constraints, suggesting that DM must either be absent in the immediate vicinity of the BH or its localized mass must remain below this critical value to be consistent with astrophysical observations.
SN  - 1434-6044
SN  - 1434-6052
ER  -