Noise Propagation and Effective Channels in Encrypted Quantum Cloning
Abstract
We investigate noise propagation in encrypted quantum cloning by formulating the protocol in terms of effective recovery channels. For local single-qubit completely positive trace-preserving noise, a Pauli-basis expansion of the Kraus operators reveals a strong dependence on the location of the physical channel. Noise on an auxiliary signal qubit leaves the reduced recovered state unchanged, whereas noise on an auxiliary key qubit induces a Pauli-diagonal effective channel on the recovered qubit. For the core qubits, the error propagation additionally depends on the parity of the number of entangled pairs. In particular, for noise on the core key qubit with odd parity, distinct physical Pauli sectors merge into the same effective sector, converting isotropic depolarizing noise into an anisotropic recovery channel. We also relate Werner-type resource imperfections to local depolarizing noise and distinguish distributed product depolarization from genuine global depolarization. The results demonstrate that the effective recovery noise is governed not only by noise strength, but also by its physical location and by the structure of the encryption-decryption protocol.
Related
- Encrypted cloning of qubits is able to serve as a quantum primitive, already on non-error-corrected quantum hardware
- Encrypted Redundancy as a Diagnostic Resource: Relational Diagnosis in Quantum Encrypted Cloning
- Beyond Maximal Entanglement: Exact Resources for Multiparty Encrypted Quantum Cloning
- Estimating High-Energy Neutrino Effective Areas from Muon Propagation
- Asymmetric quantum cloning on orthogonal orbits and four-mode fermionic states
BibTeX
@misc{li2026noise,
title = {{Noise Propagation and Effective Channels in Encrypted Quantum Cloning}},
author = {Yun-Fei Li and Fei-Hao Yang and Qing Chen and Liu-Jun Wang},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.38240},
eprint = {2610.38240},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38240},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Noise Propagation and Effective Channels in Encrypted Quantum Cloning
AU - Yun-Fei Li
AU - Fei-Hao Yang
AU - Qing Chen
AU - Liu-Jun Wang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/28
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.38240
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38240
AB - We investigate noise propagation in encrypted quantum cloning by formulating the protocol in terms of effective recovery channels. For local single-qubit completely positive trace-preserving noise, a Pauli-basis expansion of the Kraus operators reveals a strong dependence on the location of the physical channel. Noise on an auxiliary signal qubit leaves the reduced recovered state unchanged, whereas noise on an auxiliary key qubit induces a Pauli-diagonal effective channel on the recovered qubit. For the core qubits, the error propagation additionally depends on the parity of the number of entangled pairs. In particular, for noise on the core key qubit with odd parity, distinct physical Pauli sectors merge into the same effective sector, converting isotropic depolarizing noise into an anisotropic recovery channel. We also relate Werner-type resource imperfections to local depolarizing noise and distinguish distributed product depolarization from genuine global depolarization. The results demonstrate that the effective recovery noise is governed not only by noise strength, but also by its physical location and by the structure of the encryption-decryption protocol.
ER -