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Peer-reviewedCC BYEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin

Fatal encephalitis caused by Shamonda virus Europe 1 (SHAV-EU1) in a patient with a severely weakened immune system, France, 2026.

  • Margot Bonnet1
  • Hélène Labussière-Wallet2
  • Pauline Dumez3
  • Lucie Jauffret4
  • Lyderic Aubert5
  • Aurélie Avondo-Ray5
  • Carole Seurret3
  • Perrine Devic3
  • Sabrine Souci3
  • Syria Laperche6
  • Léa Saint Martin7
  • Emilie Frobert7,8
22 more authors
  • Alexandre Gaymard7,8
  • Jennifer Giorgi7
  • Quentin Semanas7
  • Richard Chalvignac7
  • Antoine Oblette7
  • Audrey Lapendry7
  • Bruno Pozzetto9
  • Thomas Perpoint10
  • Mikail Kelleci11
  • Aurélie Sécula11
  • Charlotte Foret-Lucas11
  • Clement Javaux10
  • Florence Morfin7,8
  • Antonin Bal7,8
  • Elise Brottet12
  • Catarina Krug12
  • Frederic Jourdain12
  • David Meyronet13
  • Florence Ader10,14
  • Jean-Luc Guérin11
  • Laurence Josset7,8
  • Grégory Destras7,8
14 affiliations
  1. 1Anesthésie-Réanimation-Médecine Intensive, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre Benite, Lyon, France.
  2. 2Service d'Hématologie clinique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre Benite, Lyon, France.
  3. 3Service de Neurologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre Benite, Lyon, France.
  4. 4Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpitaux Nord Ouest, Villefranche, France.
  5. 5Direction Générale de la Santé, Paris, France.
  6. 6Établissement Français du Sang, La Plaine Saint Denis, France.
  7. 7Service de Virologie, Plateforme de séquençage Genepii, Centre National de Référence des Virus Respiratoires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Nord, Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France.
  8. 8CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team CARVI, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, France.
  9. 9Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France, & Haut Conseil de la Santé Publique, Paris, France.
  10. 10Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
  11. 11Université Toulouse, ENVT, INRAE, IHAP, Toulouse, France.
  12. 12Santé publique France, Lyon/Saint Maurice, France.
  13. 13Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Groupe Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France; Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, 28 Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France; Faculty of Medicine of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
  14. 14Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm 1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Univ, Lyon F-69007, France.
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Abstract

New Shamonda virus clades (SHAV-EU1 and SHAV-EU2) emerged in Europe in summer 2026, primarily affecting cattle. We report the first human infection with SHAV-EU1: a French patient with a severely weakened immune system developed fatal encephalitis in September 2026, 1 month after their allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Metatranscriptomics detected SHAV-EU1 in cerebrospinal fluid, confirmed by RT-PCR. Biopsies from central nervous system showed high viral loads. Investigations revealed SHAV-EU1 in serum, respiratory and stool samples at least for 2 months before encephalitis onset.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{bonnet2026fatal,
  title = {{Fatal encephalitis caused by Shamonda virus Europe 1 (SHAV-EU1) in a patient with a severely weakened immune system, France, 2026.}},
  author = {Margot Bonnet and Hélène Labussière-Wallet and Pauline Dumez and Lucie Jauffret and Lyderic Aubert and Aurélie Avondo-Ray and Carole Seurret and Perrine Devic and Sabrine Souci and Syria Laperche and Léa Saint Martin and Emilie Frobert and Alexandre Gaymard and Jennifer Giorgi and Quentin Semanas and Richard Chalvignac and Antoine Oblette and Audrey Lapendry and Bruno Pozzetto and Thomas Perpoint and Mikail Kelleci and Aurélie Sécula and Charlotte Foret-Lucas and Clement Javaux and Florence Morfin and Antonin Bal and Elise Brottet and Catarina Krug and Frederic Jourdain and David Meyronet and Florence Ader and Jean-Luc Guérin and Laurence Josset and Grégory Destras},
  journal = {Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.2807/1560-7917.es.2026.31.42.2600883},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42921678},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Fatal encephalitis caused by Shamonda virus Europe 1 (SHAV-EU1) in a patient with a severely weakened immune system, France, 2026.
AU  - Margot Bonnet
AU  - Hélène Labussière-Wallet
AU  - Pauline Dumez
AU  - Lucie Jauffret
AU  - Lyderic Aubert
AU  - Aurélie Avondo-Ray
AU  - Carole Seurret
AU  - Perrine Devic
AU  - Sabrine Souci
AU  - Syria Laperche
AU  - Léa Saint Martin
AU  - Emilie Frobert
AU  - Alexandre Gaymard
AU  - Jennifer Giorgi
AU  - Quentin Semanas
AU  - Richard Chalvignac
AU  - Antoine Oblette
AU  - Audrey Lapendry
AU  - Bruno Pozzetto
AU  - Thomas Perpoint
AU  - Mikail Kelleci
AU  - Aurélie Sécula
AU  - Charlotte Foret-Lucas
AU  - Clement Javaux
AU  - Florence Morfin
AU  - Antonin Bal
AU  - Elise Brottet
AU  - Catarina Krug
AU  - Frederic Jourdain
AU  - David Meyronet
AU  - Florence Ader
AU  - Jean-Luc Guérin
AU  - Laurence Josset
AU  - Grégory Destras
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin
DO  - 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2026.31.42.2600883
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42921678
AB  - New Shamonda virus clades (SHAV-EU1 and SHAV-EU2) emerged in Europe in summer 2026, primarily affecting cattle. We report the first human infection with SHAV-EU1: a French patient with a severely weakened immune system developed fatal encephalitis in September 2026, 1 month after their allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Metatranscriptomics detected SHAV-EU1 in cerebrospinal fluid, confirmed by RT-PCR. Biopsies from central nervous system showed high viral loads. Investigations revealed SHAV-EU1 in serum, respiratory and stool samples at least for 2 months before encephalitis onset.
SN  - 1025-496X
SN  - 1560-7917
ER  -