Validity and Reliability of the Hindi Versions of the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale and Tegner Activity Scale
- 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Abstract
Introduction: Patient-reported outcome measures are essential tools for evaluating knee function and activity level in clinical practice and research. The Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale and Tegner Activity Scale are widely used knee-specific instruments, but a culturally adapted and validated Hindi version has not previously been established. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt both scales into Hindi and to evaluate their validity, reliability, and internal consistency in Indian patients with knee-related complaints. Materials and Methods: Following consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments and standard cross-cultural adaptation methodology, the Lysholm and Tegner scales underwent forward and backward translation. Sports listed on the Tegner scale were culturally adapted to incorporate activities common in India (for example, kabaddi, kho-kho, and cricket), yielding the “Hindi-adjusted Tegner scale.” A sample of 100 consecutive patients (mean age, 39.6 ± 13.2 years) recruited at a sports injury clinic of a tertiary care referral center in North India completed the Hindi Lysholm scale, the Hindi-adjusted Tegner scale, and the Hindi International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (SKF). Criterion validity was evaluated by correlating Lysholm and Tegner scores with SKF scores. Reliability was assessed through intraday (same-day, post-consultation) and interday (14-day test-retest) administrations, and internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: The Hindi Lysholm scale demonstrated a strong correlation with the Hindi SKF (r = 0.87, P < 0.001). The Hindi-adjusted Tegner scale showed a moderate overall correlation (r = 0.58, P < 0.001), with higher correlations for activity-specific items of the SKF. Reliability was excellent for the Hindi Lysholm scale (intraday intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.93; interday test-retest coefficient, 0.97; both P < 0.001) and moderate to good for the Hindi-adjusted Tegner scale (intraday, 0.75; interday test-retest, 0.88; both P < 0.001). Internal consistency of the Hindi Lysholm scale was acceptable across time points (Cronbach alpha, 0.70–0.74). The standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change at 90% confidence were 5.1 and 11.9 points, respectively, for the Lysholm scale, and 0.81 and 1.89 levels for the Tegner scale. Conclusion: The Hindi versions of the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale and adjusted Tegner Activity Scale demonstrated good criterion validity, good to excellent reliability, and acceptable internal consistency in this single-center cohort. They offer practical outcome instruments for Hindi-speaking patients with knee pathologies in clinical and research settings, pending confirmation of responsiveness and generalizability in longitudinal, multicenter studies.
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BibTeX
@article{raj2026validity,
title = {{Validity and Reliability of the Hindi Versions of the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale and Tegner Activity Scale}},
author = {Sharath Raj and Aashish Kumar Sen and Romil Kumar and Aman Yadav and Utkarsh Kumar Reddy Gopavaram and Saloni Rani Kumar},
journal = {Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i11.8542},
url = {https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i11.8542},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Validity and Reliability of the Hindi Versions of the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale and Tegner Activity Scale
AU - Sharath Raj
AU - Aashish Kumar Sen
AU - Romil Kumar
AU - Aman Yadav
AU - Utkarsh Kumar Reddy Gopavaram
AU - Saloni Rani Kumar
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/01
JO - Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports
DO - 10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i11.8542
UR - https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i11.8542
AB - Introduction: Patient-reported outcome measures are essential tools for evaluating knee function and activity level in clinical practice and research. The Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale and Tegner Activity Scale are widely used knee-specific instruments, but a culturally adapted and validated Hindi version has not previously been established. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt both scales into Hindi and to evaluate their validity, reliability, and internal consistency in Indian patients with knee-related complaints. Materials and Methods: Following consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments and standard cross-cultural adaptation methodology, the Lysholm and Tegner scales underwent forward and backward translation. Sports listed on the Tegner scale were culturally adapted to incorporate activities common in India (for example, kabaddi, kho-kho, and cricket), yielding the “Hindi-adjusted Tegner scale.” A sample of 100 consecutive patients (mean age, 39.6 ± 13.2 years) recruited at a sports injury clinic of a tertiary care referral center in North India completed the Hindi Lysholm scale, the Hindi-adjusted Tegner scale, and the Hindi International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (SKF). Criterion validity was evaluated by correlating Lysholm and Tegner scores with SKF scores. Reliability was assessed through intraday (same-day, post-consultation) and interday (14-day test-retest) administrations, and internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: The Hindi Lysholm scale demonstrated a strong correlation with the Hindi SKF (r = 0.87, P < 0.001). The Hindi-adjusted Tegner scale showed a moderate overall correlation (r = 0.58, P < 0.001), with higher correlations for activity-specific items of the SKF. Reliability was excellent for the Hindi Lysholm scale (intraday intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.93; interday test-retest coefficient, 0.97; both P < 0.001) and moderate to good for the Hindi-adjusted Tegner scale (intraday, 0.75; interday test-retest, 0.88; both P < 0.001). Internal consistency of the Hindi Lysholm scale was acceptable across time points (Cronbach alpha, 0.70–0.74). The standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change at 90% confidence were 5.1 and 11.9 points, respectively, for the Lysholm scale, and 0.81 and 1.89 levels for the Tegner scale. Conclusion: The Hindi versions of the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale and adjusted Tegner Activity Scale demonstrated good criterion validity, good to excellent reliability, and acceptable internal consistency in this single-center cohort. They offer practical outcome instruments for Hindi-speaking patients with knee pathologies in clinical and research settings, pending confirmation of responsiveness and generalizability in longitudinal, multicenter studies.
SN - 2250-0685
SN - 2321-3817
ER -