Application-Specific Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Source-Optimized Nanoparticle Textile Formulations: Trade-offs in Washing Durability, Antibacterial Performance, and Laboratory-Scale Raw-Material Cost
Abstract
Nanoparticle-functionalized textiles offer antibacterial and self-cleaning functions, but their practical suitability is difficult to compare because laundering protocols, reported performance measures, and formulation costs vary across studies. This study develops an application-specific multi-criteria decision-analysis framework using harmonized secondary data from eight source-optimized TiO2-, ZnO-, Ag-, and hybrid-based textile formulations under a school sports-bib scenario. Washing durability and laboratory-scale raw-material cost were evaluated for all eight formulations, while antibacterial performance was included for the six formulations with sufficiently comparable data. Laundering results were converted to a common ten-reference-wash horizon, normalized criterion scores were evaluated across the full feasible weight space, and targeted sensitivity analyses examined uncertainty arising from washing normalization, incomplete Ag laundering conditions, sparse ZnO evidence, and possible cost underestimation. Under baseline conditions, Hybrid ZnO-TiO2 applied by padding-squeezing and Ag deposited through two-step grafting and reduction formed the Pareto frontier in both the two-and three-criterion models. The hybrid formulation was preferred under cost-oriented priorities, whereas the Ag formulation was favored when durability or antibacterial performance received greater weight. This principal decision structure remained stable across the tested uncertainty scenarios. In the Ag-excluded metal-oxide subset, Hybrid Padding-Squeezing remained the budget-sensitive option, while Hybrid In-Situ became more competitive when performance was prioritized. Substantial within-material variation indicated that formulation and deposition route were important sources of practical performance variation within the selected dataset. The framework provides a transparent method for translating heterogeneous published textile data into conditional, application-specific formulation decisions.
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BibTeX
@misc{li2026applicationspecific,
title = {{Application-Specific Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Source-Optimized Nanoparticle Textile Formulations: Trade-offs in Washing Durability, Antibacterial Performance, and Laboratory-Scale Raw-Material Cost}},
author = {Yunfei Li},
howpublished = {ChemRxiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.26434/chemrxiv.15010240/v1},
url = {https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010240/v1},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Application-Specific Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Source-Optimized Nanoparticle Textile Formulations: Trade-offs in Washing Durability, Antibacterial Performance, and Laboratory-Scale Raw-Material Cost
AU - Yunfei Li
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/11
PB - ChemRxiv
DO - 10.26434/chemrxiv.15010240/v1
UR - https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010240/v1
AB - Nanoparticle-functionalized textiles offer antibacterial and self-cleaning functions, but their practical suitability is difficult to compare because laundering protocols, reported performance measures, and formulation costs vary across studies. This study develops an application-specific multi-criteria decision-analysis framework using harmonized secondary data from eight source-optimized TiO2-, ZnO-, Ag-, and hybrid-based textile formulations under a school sports-bib scenario. Washing durability and laboratory-scale raw-material cost were evaluated for all eight formulations, while antibacterial performance was included for the six formulations with sufficiently comparable data. Laundering results were converted to a common ten-reference-wash horizon, normalized criterion scores were evaluated across the full feasible weight space, and targeted sensitivity analyses examined uncertainty arising from washing normalization, incomplete Ag laundering conditions, sparse ZnO evidence, and possible cost underestimation. Under baseline conditions, Hybrid ZnO-TiO2 applied by padding-squeezing and Ag deposited through two-step grafting and reduction formed the Pareto frontier in both the two-and three-criterion models. The hybrid formulation was preferred under cost-oriented priorities, whereas the Ag formulation was favored when durability or antibacterial performance received greater weight. This principal decision structure remained stable across the tested uncertainty scenarios. In the Ag-excluded metal-oxide subset, Hybrid Padding-Squeezing remained the budget-sensitive option, while Hybrid In-Situ became more competitive when performance was prioritized. Substantial within-material variation indicated that formulation and deposition route were important sources of practical performance variation within the selected dataset. The framework provides a transparent method for translating heterogeneous published textile data into conditional, application-specific formulation decisions.
ER -