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PreprintCC BY 4.0arXiv

Viability of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis in f(R,Lm) Gravity

  • Kajal Phukan
  • Rajdeep Mazumdar
  • Kalyan Malakar
  • Kalyan Bhuyan
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Abstract

We examine the viability of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) constraints in f(R,Lm) gravity, where the gravitational Lagrangian is an arbitrary function of the the Ricci scalar R and matter Lagrangian density Lm. We derive stringent bounds on the underlying model parameters of four different f(R,Lm) gravity models by examining both the primordial abundances of helium-4 (4He) and the fractional variations in the neutron--proton freeze out temperature. Our results reveal that f(R,Lm) gravity remains viable under the BBN constraints. With the freeze-out condition offering the most dominat constraint on the parameter space, whereas the bounds from 4He abundance act as a separate abundance level consistency checks on the modified expansion rate. In summary, the presence of these feasible parameter regions demonstrates that f(R,Lm) gravity models can successfully accommodate primordial element abundances without disrupting standard early Universe dynamics.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{phukan2026viability,
  title = {{Viability of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis in $f(R,L_m)$ Gravity}},
  author = {Kajal Phukan and Rajdeep Mazumdar and Kalyan Malakar and Kalyan Bhuyan},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.00017},
  eprint = {2609.00017},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00017},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Viability of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis in f(R,L_m) Gravity
AU  - Kajal Phukan
AU  - Rajdeep Mazumdar
AU  - Kalyan Malakar
AU  - Kalyan Bhuyan
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/01
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.00017
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00017
AB  - We examine the viability of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) constraints in f(R,L_m) gravity, where the gravitational Lagrangian is an arbitrary function of the the Ricci scalar R and matter Lagrangian density L_m. We derive stringent bounds on the underlying model parameters of four different f(R,L_m) gravity models by examining both the primordial abundances of helium-4 (^4He) and the fractional variations in the neutron--proton freeze out temperature. Our results reveal that f(R,L_m) gravity remains viable under the BBN constraints. With the freeze-out condition offering the most dominat constraint on the parameter space, whereas the bounds from ^4He abundance act as a separate abundance level consistency checks on the modified expansion rate. In summary, the presence of these feasible parameter regions demonstrates that f(R,L_m) gravity models can successfully accommodate primordial element abundances without disrupting standard early Universe dynamics.
ER  -