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PreprintCC BY-NC-ND 4.0HAL

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Confronts Domain Walls and First-Order Phase Transitions as the Pulsar Timing Array Explanations

  • Fatemeh Elahi
  • Diego Fortini
  • Yann Gouttenoire
  • Nicholas Leister
  • Pedro Schwaller
Open at sourcePDFDOICite

Abstract

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have detected a nanohertz gravitational-wave background, often attributed to annihilating domain walls (DWs) or first-order phase transitions (FOPTs). Their reheating imprints fluctuations in the baryon-to-photon ratio. These so-called baryon isocurvature fluctuations SB survive until Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, whose yields depend nonlinearly on it. Modest SB fluctuations can therefore alleviate the current deuterium tension in parts of the PTA preferred regions and therefore strengthen their interpretation. Overabundant DWs and too strong FOPTs overproduce D/H and are ruled out.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{elahi2026bang,
  title = {{Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Confronts Domain Walls and First-Order Phase Transitions as the Pulsar Timing Array Explanations}},
  author = {Fatemeh Elahi and Diego Fortini and Yann Gouttenoire and Nicholas Leister and Pedro Schwaller},
  howpublished = {HAL},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.25950},
  eprint = {2609.25950},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://hal.science/hal-05781728v1},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Confronts Domain Walls and First-Order Phase Transitions as the Pulsar Timing Array Explanations
AU  - Fatemeh Elahi
AU  - Diego Fortini
AU  - Yann Gouttenoire
AU  - Nicholas Leister
AU  - Pedro Schwaller
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/22
PB  - HAL
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.25950
UR  - https://hal.science/hal-05781728v1
AB  - Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have detected a nanohertz gravitational-wave background, often attributed to annihilating domain walls (DWs) or first-order phase transitions (FOPTs). Their reheating imprints fluctuations in the baryon-to-photon ratio. These so-called baryon isocurvature fluctuations S_B survive until Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, whose yields depend nonlinearly on it. Modest S_B fluctuations can therefore alleviate the current deuterium tension in parts of the PTA preferred regions and therefore strengthen their interpretation. Overabundant DWs and too strong FOPTs overproduce D/H and are ruled out.
ER  -