Recombinant NDV-vectored vaccine expressing mosaic HA and M2e confers broad and early protection against H9N2 avian influenza virus
Abstract
The development of a universal H9N2 avian influenza vaccine is essential to reduce the occurrence of disease and economic losses in the poultry industry. In this study, we developed a recombinant vaccine rTS-mH9-3M2e based on Newcastle disease virus (NDV) avirulent strain TS09-C, containing a chimeric mosaic H9 HA and three copies of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) M2e. The 1-day-old chickens were vaccinated with rTS-mH9-3M2e, which induced broad neutralizing antibody activity against H9N2 AIV, effectively reduced viral load and virus shedding, and reduced clinical signs and tissue damage. Furthermore, rTS-mH9-3M2e can induce cross-neutralizing response to the heterologous subtype AIV H3N2 and conferred cross-protection against H3N2 AIV. When rTS-mH9-3M2e was used as in ovo vaccine, it conferred the earlier protection against NDV and H9N2 AIV compared with post-hatch vaccination. rTS-mH9-3M2e in ovo vaccination significantly increased the level of splenic CD8+ T cells in chickens at 7 days of age and provided 100% protection against H9N2 AIV and 80% protection for NDV virulent strain. These results support that rTS-mH9-3M2e is a promising candidate for development as a broad H9N2 avian influenza vaccine and an in ovo vaccine.
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BibTeX
@article{jiang2026recombinant,
title = {{Recombinant NDV-vectored vaccine expressing mosaic HA and M2e confers broad and early protection against H9N2 avian influenza virus}},
author = {Liren Jiang and Guoyuan Wen and Xiaoyu Suo and Zhe Zeng and Zhouchu Wu and Yuqiao Zhu and Yu Shang and Hongcai Wang and Lun Yao and Runjin Wang and Shixin Wang and Mingxin Gao and Qingping Luo and Helong Feng},
journal = {Frontiers in Immunology},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2026.1985015},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1985015},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Recombinant NDV-vectored vaccine expressing mosaic HA and M2e confers broad and early protection against H9N2 avian influenza virus
AU - Liren Jiang
AU - Guoyuan Wen
AU - Xiaoyu Suo
AU - Zhe Zeng
AU - Zhouchu Wu
AU - Yuqiao Zhu
AU - Yu Shang
AU - Hongcai Wang
AU - Lun Yao
AU - Runjin Wang
AU - Shixin Wang
AU - Mingxin Gao
AU - Qingping Luo
AU - Helong Feng
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/06
JO - Frontiers in Immunology
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1985015
UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1985015
AB - The development of a universal H9N2 avian influenza vaccine is essential to reduce the occurrence of disease and economic losses in the poultry industry. In this study, we developed a recombinant vaccine rTS-mH9-3M2e based on Newcastle disease virus (NDV) avirulent strain TS09-C, containing a chimeric mosaic H9 HA and three copies of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) M2e. The 1-day-old chickens were vaccinated with rTS-mH9-3M2e, which induced broad neutralizing antibody activity against H9N2 AIV, effectively reduced viral load and virus shedding, and reduced clinical signs and tissue damage. Furthermore, rTS-mH9-3M2e can induce cross-neutralizing response to the heterologous subtype AIV H3N2 and conferred cross-protection against H3N2 AIV. When rTS-mH9-3M2e was used as in ovo vaccine, it conferred the earlier protection against NDV and H9N2 AIV compared with post-hatch vaccination. rTS-mH9-3M2e in ovo vaccination significantly increased the level of splenic CD8+ T cells in chickens at 7 days of age and provided 100% protection against H9N2 AIV and 80% protection for NDV virulent strain. These results support that rTS-mH9-3M2e is a promising candidate for development as a broad H9N2 avian influenza vaccine and an in ovo vaccine.
SN - 1664-3224
ER -