Green synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles using allium sativum skin extract for acridine orange photocatalytic degradation: optimization via R
Abstract
Green synthesis of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) using agricultural waste presents a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. Here, we demonstrate an eco-friendly synthesis of TiO2 NPs utilizing garlic skin waste (Allium sativum) as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent, eliminating hazardous chemicals. Characterization via SEM, EDXA, XRD, and TGA confirmed the formation of pure, thermally stable, crystalline anatase nanoparticles. Under UV light irradiation, the synthesized AS-TiO2 NPs achieved a maximum Acridine Orange (AO) dye degradation efficiency of 94.62% within 20 min (dosage 1.0 g/L, pH 9, 55 °C, 80 ppm dye). The degradation kinetics strictly followed a pseudo-first-order model (R^2 = 0.9667). Furthermore, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) via a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) in R and Machine Learning validation confirmed the robustness and predictive accuracy of the process.
Versions
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BibTeX
@article{rao2026green,
title = {{Green synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles using allium sativum skin extract for acridine orange photocatalytic degradation: optimization via R}},
author = {C. V. Nageswara Rao and Salapu Vasavi and Dadi Sneha Latha and Vanam Harsha Priya and VBora Chandrasekhar and Megersa Tadesse Adugna and Pulipati King and Meena Vangalapati},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-70888-6},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-70888-6},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Green synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles using allium sativum skin extract for acridine orange photocatalytic degradation: optimization via R
AU - C. V. Nageswara Rao
AU - Salapu Vasavi
AU - Dadi Sneha Latha
AU - Vanam Harsha Priya
AU - VBora Chandrasekhar
AU - Megersa Tadesse Adugna
AU - Pulipati King
AU - Meena Vangalapati
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Scientific Reports
DO - 10.1038/s41598-026-70888-6
UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-70888-6
AB - Green synthesis of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) using agricultural waste presents a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. Here, we demonstrate an eco-friendly synthesis of TiO2 NPs utilizing garlic skin waste (Allium sativum) as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent, eliminating hazardous chemicals. Characterization via SEM, EDXA, XRD, and TGA confirmed the formation of pure, thermally stable, crystalline anatase nanoparticles. Under UV light irradiation, the synthesized AS-TiO2 NPs achieved a maximum Acridine Orange (AO) dye degradation efficiency of 94.62% within 20 min (dosage 1.0 g/L, pH 9, 55 °C, 80 ppm dye). The degradation kinetics strictly followed a pseudo-first-order model (R^2 = 0.9667). Furthermore, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) via a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) in R and Machine Learning validation confirmed the robustness and predictive accuracy of the process.
SN - 2045-2322
ER -