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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Polymers

Bio-Based Deproteinized Natural Rubber/Alginate/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Films with Ca2+-Mediated and Tannic Acid-Induced Crosslinked Networks for Biodegradable Adhesive Materials

  • Chaiwat Ruksakulpiwat1,2
  • Supharat Inphonlek1,2,3
  • Yupaporn Ruksakulpiwat1,2
  1. 1School of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
  2. 2Research Center for Biocomposite Materials for Medical Industry and Agricultural and Food Industry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
  3. 3Institute of Research and Development, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Abstract

In this study, biodegradable adhesive composite films based on deproteinized natural rubber/alginate/poly(vinyl alcohol) (DPNR/ALG/PVA) were developed through Ca2+-mediated ionic crosslinking and tannic acid (TA)-induced hydrogen bonding interactions. DPNR/ALG/PVA mixtures were ionically crosslinked through ALG-Ca2+ interactions, cast into films, and subsequently immersed in TA-containing ethanol/water cosolvent systems. Treatment in a 75:25 ethanol/water solution at a PVA/TA weight ratio of 1:7 for 12 h produced stable films with a high gel fraction. The TA-treated DPNR/ALG3/PVA40 film exhibited gel fraction of 91.01 ± 0.79%, higher than that of the untreated film (71.22 ± 1.62%), indicating improved network stability after TA treatment. FTIR analysis confirmed the incorporation of ALG and PVA within the DPNR matrix and suggested the formation of interactions involving TA. Increasing ALG content from 1 to 5 phr enhanced swelling capacity, reaching 241.81 ± 22.30%, whereas increasing PVA content (20–80 phr) improved tensile strength from 3.51 ± 0.10 to 6.39 ± 0.43 MPa. Moreover, the PVA-TA network improved adhesive performance, increasing lap shear strength from 1.23 ± 0.20 to 1.83 ± 0.12 MPa and peel strength from 70.37 ± 15.10 to 280.94 ± 68.45 N/m. Soil burial tests revealed the biodegradability of composite films, with no recoverable residue detected after 180 days. These results demonstrate the potential of the developed composites as biodegradable adhesive materials for biomedical applications.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{ruksakulpiwat2026biobased,
  title = {{Bio-Based Deproteinized Natural Rubber/Alginate/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Films with Ca2+-Mediated and Tannic Acid-Induced Crosslinked Networks for Biodegradable Adhesive Materials}},
  author = {Chaiwat Ruksakulpiwat and Supharat Inphonlek and Yupaporn Ruksakulpiwat},
  journal = {Polymers},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/polym18202536},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/20/2536},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Bio-Based Deproteinized Natural Rubber/Alginate/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Films with Ca2+-Mediated and Tannic Acid-Induced Crosslinked Networks for Biodegradable Adhesive Materials
AU  - Chaiwat Ruksakulpiwat
AU  - Supharat Inphonlek
AU  - Yupaporn Ruksakulpiwat
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/15
JO  - Polymers
DO  - 10.3390/polym18202536
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/20/2536
AB  - In this study, biodegradable adhesive composite films based on deproteinized natural rubber/alginate/poly(vinyl alcohol) (DPNR/ALG/PVA) were developed through Ca2+-mediated ionic crosslinking and tannic acid (TA)-induced hydrogen bonding interactions. DPNR/ALG/PVA mixtures were ionically crosslinked through ALG-Ca2+ interactions, cast into films, and subsequently immersed in TA-containing ethanol/water cosolvent systems. Treatment in a 75:25 ethanol/water solution at a PVA/TA weight ratio of 1:7 for 12 h produced stable films with a high gel fraction. The TA-treated DPNR/ALG3/PVA40 film exhibited gel fraction of 91.01 ± 0.79%, higher than that of the untreated film (71.22 ± 1.62%), indicating improved network stability after TA treatment. FTIR analysis confirmed the incorporation of ALG and PVA within the DPNR matrix and suggested the formation of interactions involving TA. Increasing ALG content from 1 to 5 phr enhanced swelling capacity, reaching 241.81 ± 22.30%, whereas increasing PVA content (20–80 phr) improved tensile strength from 3.51 ± 0.10 to 6.39 ± 0.43 MPa. Moreover, the PVA-TA network improved adhesive performance, increasing lap shear strength from 1.23 ± 0.20 to 1.83 ± 0.12 MPa and peel strength from 70.37 ± 15.10 to 280.94 ± 68.45 N/m. Soil burial tests revealed the biodegradability of composite films, with no recoverable residue detected after 180 days. These results demonstrate the potential of the developed composites as biodegradable adhesive materials for biomedical applications.
SN  - 2073-4360
ER  -