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Transition to turbulence in swirl created by a vertical magnetic field in liquid metal electrodes

  • Uma Siva Sankar Kompalli
  • Avishek Ranjan
  • Suneet Singh
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Abstract

Flow transitions in electromagnetically-driven swirl in a cylindrical domain are investigated using three-dimensional simulations for a liquid metal battery electrode. The parameter space considered: applied current I=11.11−100A; Current density, J0 ≈ 4,000−35,000 A/m2, domain radius, R=3−9cm, domain height, H=3 and 4.5cm). The background magnetic field, B0, strength is varied systematically from 0.1 to 20 G to characterize the route to chaos. \cite{davidson2022swirling} found the onset of chaos occurs around $1-1.5 G$ for aspect ratio 1/6 and current of 100A, however, this is shifted to $16-17 G$ for a lower current of 16A and aspect ratio 1/2. Across a range of geometrical configurations and forcing conditions, including variations in aspect ratio, current and current density, a consistent sequence of dynamical transitions is evident from phase portraits, FFT spectrum, 0-1 chaos test, autocorrelation function and correlation dimension. The flow evolution is by the Ruelle--Takens-Newhouse route to chaos, with the strange non-chaotic attractor (SNA) regime providing an intermediate state prior to the onset of chaos. In our results, it is observed that, for a fixed aspect ratio, the transition is governed by a dimensionless group, Qm, representing the ratio of applied Lorentz force to viscous force. The critical value of Qm at the onset of oscillatory flow is found to be nearly invariant except when the domain height is varied. Moreover, our results follow the Re ∼ Qm2/3 scaling law expected from torque balance moderately-forced electro-magnetically driven swirl flows.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{kompalli2026transition,
  title = {{Transition to turbulence in swirl created by a vertical magnetic field in liquid metal electrodes}},
  author = {Uma Siva Sankar Kompalli and Avishek Ranjan and Suneet Singh},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.39348},
  eprint = {2610.39348},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.39348},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Transition to turbulence in swirl created by a vertical magnetic field in liquid metal electrodes
AU  - Uma Siva Sankar Kompalli
AU  - Avishek Ranjan
AU  - Suneet Singh
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/29
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.39348
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.39348
AB  - Flow transitions in electromagnetically-driven swirl in a cylindrical domain are investigated using three-dimensional simulations for a liquid metal battery electrode. The parameter space considered: applied current I=11.11−100A; Current density, J_0 ≈ 4,000−35,000 A/m^2, domain radius, R=3−9cm, domain height, H=3 and 4.5cm). The background magnetic field, B_0, strength is varied systematically from 0.1 to 20 G to characterize the route to chaos. \cite{davidson2022swirling} found the onset of chaos occurs around $1-1.5 G$ for aspect ratio 1/6 and current of 100A, however, this is shifted to $16-17 G$ for a lower current of 16A and aspect ratio 1/2. Across a range of geometrical configurations and forcing conditions, including variations in aspect ratio, current and current density, a consistent sequence of dynamical transitions is evident from phase portraits, FFT spectrum, 0-1 chaos test, autocorrelation function and correlation dimension. The flow evolution is by the Ruelle--Takens-Newhouse route to chaos, with the strange non-chaotic attractor (SNA) regime providing an intermediate state prior to the onset of chaos. In our results, it is observed that, for a fixed aspect ratio, the transition is governed by a dimensionless group, Q_m, representing the ratio of applied Lorentz force to viscous force. The critical value of Q_m at the onset of oscillatory flow is found to be nearly invariant except when the domain height is varied. Moreover, our results follow the Re ∼ Q_m^2/3 scaling law expected from torque balance moderately-forced electro-magnetically driven swirl flows.
ER  -