LQG-inspired black hole solutions in (2+1)-dimensions
Abstract
It is well known that in (2+1)-dimensional general relativity, black hole solutions exist only in the anti-de Sitter case--the so-called Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole. In this letter, we construct, for the first time, three independent LQG-inspired frameworks for (2+1)-dimensional black holes: the μ̅-scheme holonomy corrections, the quantum Oppenheimer-Snyder collapse, and a covariant effective model. Remarkably, all three approaches yield the same qualitative picture: when LQG-inspired corrections are included, we find three distinct types of solutions corresponding to asymptotically flat, anti-de Sitter, and de Sitter geometries. Our results demonstrate that the asymmetry between classical (2+1)-dimensional and (3+1)-dimensional solutions is eliminated upon incorporating effective quantum gravity effects.
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BibTeX
@misc{shi2026lqginspired,
title = {{LQG-inspired black hole solutions in (2+1)-dimensions}},
author = {Zijian Shi and Xiangdong Zhang},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.23044},
eprint = {2609.23044},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23044},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - LQG-inspired black hole solutions in (2+1)-dimensions
AU - Zijian Shi
AU - Xiangdong Zhang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/19
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.23044
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.23044
AB - It is well known that in (2+1)-dimensional general relativity, black hole solutions exist only in the anti-de Sitter case--the so-called Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole. In this letter, we construct, for the first time, three independent LQG-inspired frameworks for (2+1)-dimensional black holes: the μ̅-scheme holonomy corrections, the quantum Oppenheimer-Snyder collapse, and a covariant effective model. Remarkably, all three approaches yield the same qualitative picture: when LQG-inspired corrections are included, we find three distinct types of solutions corresponding to asymptotically flat, anti-de Sitter, and de Sitter geometries. Our results demonstrate that the asymmetry between classical (2+1)-dimensional and (3+1)-dimensional solutions is eliminated upon incorporating effective quantum gravity effects.
ER -