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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Cancers

Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnancies Complicated by Predominantly Benign Ovarian Lesions: A Retrospective Case-Control Study of 305 Pregnancies

  • Aneta Zamojska1
  • Monika Kopeć2
  • Jan Kotarski3
  • Katarzyna Dos Santos Szewczyk4
  • Marek Gogacz5
5 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Hospital “Inflandzka”, 00-189 Warsaw, Poland
  2. 2Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pregnancy Pathology, Independent Public Hospital in Łuków, 21-400 Łuków, Poland
  3. 3Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
  4. 4Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
  5. 5Chair and Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

Background: Ovarian lesions during pregnancy pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for clinicians. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of ovarian lesions diagnosed during pregnancy and compare maternal and perinatal outcomes with those of pregnancies without ovarian pathology. Methods: A retrospective case–control study was conducted on 305 pregnant women hospitalized at the Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology in Lublin (2011–2020). The study group comprised 105 women with benign ovarian neoplasms (ICD-10 D27; n = 102) or ovarian cancer (C56; n = 3). The reference group comprised 200 women without ovarian pathology, selected by simple random sampling from hospital records. The main outcomes were mode of delivery, duration of pregnancy, birth weight, and APGAR scores. Comorbidities, neonatal diagnoses, and correlations were analyzed as exploratory outcomes using the false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Results: Maternal age did not differ between the groups (p = 0.242), whereas BMI was lower in the study group (26.4 vs. 28.2 kg/m2; p = 0.001), but not among women who delivered in the department (p = 0.777). Caesarean delivery was recorded in 57/58 women who delivered in the department (98.3%) vs. 97/200 (48.5%) in the reference group (p < 0.001). In the worst-case sensitivity analysis (n = 99), the proportion was 57.6% (p = 0.143). The gestational age at delivery was slightly lower in the study group than in the reference group (38.2 vs. 38.8 weeks; p = 0.009). Overall, 42% of the lesions were first detected during the caesarean section. Birth weight (p = 0.696) and APGAR scores (p = 0.418) did not differ. Among newborns with available records (48 vs. 198), atrial septal defects were more frequent in the study group (22.9% vs. 6.1%; RR 3.78, 95% CI 1.78–8.04; FDR-adjusted p = 0.022). Lesion size was weakly correlated with the number of maternal comorbidities (rho = 0.247; p = 0.016). Conclusions: In this cohort of predominantly benign ovarian lesions, birth weights and APGAR scores were comparable to those of the reference group. The high caesarean rate largely reflects intraoperative lesion detection and incomplete data rather than the effect of the lesion itself, and the neonatal findings are hypothesis-generating.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{zamojska2026maternal,
  title = {{Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnancies Complicated by Predominantly Benign Ovarian Lesions: A Retrospective Case-Control Study of 305 Pregnancies}},
  author = {Aneta Zamojska and Monika Kopeć and Jan Kotarski and Katarzyna Dos Santos Szewczyk and Marek Gogacz},
  journal = {Cancers},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/cancers18213463},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/18/21/3463},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnancies Complicated by Predominantly Benign Ovarian Lesions: A Retrospective Case-Control Study of 305 Pregnancies
AU  - Aneta Zamojska
AU  - Monika Kopeć
AU  - Jan Kotarski
AU  - Katarzyna Dos Santos Szewczyk
AU  - Marek Gogacz
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/27
JO  - Cancers
DO  - 10.3390/cancers18213463
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/18/21/3463
AB  - Background: Ovarian lesions during pregnancy pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for clinicians. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of ovarian lesions diagnosed during pregnancy and compare maternal and perinatal outcomes with those of pregnancies without ovarian pathology. Methods: A retrospective case–control study was conducted on 305 pregnant women hospitalized at the Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology in Lublin (2011–2020). The study group comprised 105 women with benign ovarian neoplasms (ICD-10 D27; n = 102) or ovarian cancer (C56; n = 3). The reference group comprised 200 women without ovarian pathology, selected by simple random sampling from hospital records. The main outcomes were mode of delivery, duration of pregnancy, birth weight, and APGAR scores. Comorbidities, neonatal diagnoses, and correlations were analyzed as exploratory outcomes using the false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Results: Maternal age did not differ between the groups (p = 0.242), whereas BMI was lower in the study group (26.4 vs. 28.2 kg/m2; p = 0.001), but not among women who delivered in the department (p = 0.777). Caesarean delivery was recorded in 57/58 women who delivered in the department (98.3%) vs. 97/200 (48.5%) in the reference group (p < 0.001). In the worst-case sensitivity analysis (n = 99), the proportion was 57.6% (p = 0.143). The gestational age at delivery was slightly lower in the study group than in the reference group (38.2 vs. 38.8 weeks; p = 0.009). Overall, 42% of the lesions were first detected during the caesarean section. Birth weight (p = 0.696) and APGAR scores (p = 0.418) did not differ. Among newborns with available records (48 vs. 198), atrial septal defects were more frequent in the study group (22.9% vs. 6.1%; RR 3.78, 95% CI 1.78–8.04; FDR-adjusted p = 0.022). Lesion size was weakly correlated with the number of maternal comorbidities (rho = 0.247; p = 0.016). Conclusions: In this cohort of predominantly benign ovarian lesions, birth weights and APGAR scores were comparable to those of the reference group. The high caesarean rate largely reflects intraoperative lesion detection and incomplete data rather than the effect of the lesion itself, and the neonatal findings are hypothesis-generating.
SN  - 2072-6694
ER  -