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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC 4.0Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

Ultrasonic assisted deep eutectic solvents extraction of flavonoids from arils of Torreya grandis: RSM-ANN-GA optimization, extraction mechanism and bioactivities

  • Gang Li1
  • Lizhu Han1
  • Bingxian Zhang1
  • Jingjin Bai1
  • Jieqin Wei1
  • Sihui Li2
  • Jie Lei3
  • Qi Shi1
  • Luping Qin1,4
  • Huaqiang Li1,4
4 affiliations
  1. 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, China
  2. 2The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
  3. 3Chongqing Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Authentic Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
  4. 4Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, China
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Abstract

Torreya grandis nuts are an important traditional Chinese medicine and a delicious food, and total flavonoids (TF) are its important bioactive ingredients. However, the arils are casually discarded during the processing of nuts. In order to explore the active ingredients and make full use of the arils, in this study, an eco-friendly and efficient method, ultrasonic assisted deep eutectic solvent (UAE-DES) extraction, was established to extract TF of the T. grandis arils (TGA). Under the RSM-ANN-GA optimization, the extraction method yielded 11.047 ± 1.921 mg/g of TF, which significantly surpassed that of traditional extractions. 28 flavonoids were identified from the TF via UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Meanwhile, the obvious anti-inflammatory activities indicated that TF of TGA have an effective treatment on bronchitis by PI3K-AKT-MAPK pathway. Those findings demonstrate the high potential of UAE-DES extraction for the reuse and development of bioactive ingredients from the waste of traditional Chinese medicine and food.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{li2026ultrasonic,
  title = {{Ultrasonic assisted deep eutectic solvents extraction of flavonoids from arils of Torreya grandis: RSM-ANN-GA optimization, extraction mechanism and bioactivities}},
  author = {Gang Li and Lizhu Han and Bingxian Zhang and Jingjin Bai and Jieqin Wei and Sihui Li and Jie Lei and Qi Shi and Luping Qin and Huaqiang Li},
  journal = {Ultrasonics Sonochemistry},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.108134},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.108134},
  note = {CC BY-NC 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ultrasonic assisted deep eutectic solvents extraction of flavonoids from arils of Torreya grandis: RSM-ANN-GA optimization, extraction mechanism and bioactivities
AU  - Gang Li
AU  - Lizhu Han
AU  - Bingxian Zhang
AU  - Jingjin Bai
AU  - Jieqin Wei
AU  - Sihui Li
AU  - Jie Lei
AU  - Qi Shi
AU  - Luping Qin
AU  - Huaqiang Li
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/23
JO  - Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
DO  - 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.108134
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.108134
AB  - Torreya grandis nuts are an important traditional Chinese medicine and a delicious food, and total flavonoids (TF) are its important bioactive ingredients. However, the arils are casually discarded during the processing of nuts. In order to explore the active ingredients and make full use of the arils, in this study, an eco-friendly and efficient method, ultrasonic assisted deep eutectic solvent (UAE-DES) extraction, was established to extract TF of the T. grandis arils (TGA). Under the RSM-ANN-GA optimization, the extraction method yielded 11.047 ± 1.921 mg/g of TF, which significantly surpassed that of traditional extractions. 28 flavonoids were identified from the TF via UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Meanwhile, the obvious anti-inflammatory activities indicated that TF of TGA have an effective treatment on bronchitis by PI3K-AKT-MAPK pathway. Those findings demonstrate the high potential of UAE-DES extraction for the reuse and development of bioactive ingredients from the waste of traditional Chinese medicine and food.
SN  - 1350-4177
SN  - 1873-2828
ER  -