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Peer-reviewedCC BYKEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat

Uncovering Early Risk Factors of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Insights from Primary Health Care Facilities

  • Adelina Vidya Ardiyati1
  • Ernawati1
  • Ratna Pelawati2
  • Dwi Setyowati3
  • Septiyani Wijayanti4
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Islamic State University UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
  2. 2School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Islamic State University UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
  3. 3Doctoral Student, School of Nursing, Taipei Medical University
  4. 4Faculty of Health Science, Islamic State University UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
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Abstract

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is a progressive and frequently underdiagnosed complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Limited early screening based on clinical risk factors in primary healthcare settings in Indonesia contributes to delayed diagnosis, increasing the likelihood of advanced neuropathy, foot ulceration, and lower-limb amputation. This study aimed to identify respondent characteristics and analyze risk factors associated with DPN among individuals with T2DM. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 162 patients with T2DM in the Bogor Primary Healthcare area. The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) was used to assess neuropathic symptoms, and a physical foot examination was performed. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression. The majority of respondents were aged 35–60 years (56.2%), female (69.1%), and had a duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) of <5 years (71.6%). 75.3% of respondents showed signs of Neuropathy, with the most common symptoms being dry and cracked skin on the feet (93.1%), muscle cramps (75.9%), and numbness (74.1%). No active ulcers were found (0%), and none had a previous diagnosis of Neuropathy. Bivariate analysis showed that age (p=0.004), duration of diabetes mellitus (p=0.030), and random blood sugar (p=0.000) were significantly associated with NPD. Logistic regression identified hyperglycemia (AOR=6.50; 95% CI = 2.65–15.85) and age ≥35 years (AOR=2.16; 95% CI 1.12–4.28) as independent predictors of NPD (Nagelkerke R²=0.27). Peripheral Neuropathy was highly prevalent even among patients with a short diabetes duration and had not been clinically diagnosed previously.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{ardiyati2026uncovering,
  title = {{Uncovering Early Risk Factors of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Insights from Primary Health Care Facilities}},
  author = {Adelina Vidya Ardiyati and Ernawati and Ratna Pelawati and Dwi Setyowati and Septiyani Wijayanti},
  journal = {KEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  doi = {10.15294/kemas.v21i4.38336},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v21i4.38336},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Uncovering Early Risk Factors of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Insights from Primary Health Care Facilities
AU  - Adelina Vidya Ardiyati
AU  - Ernawati
AU  - Ratna Pelawati
AU  - Dwi Setyowati
AU  - Septiyani Wijayanti
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/01
JO  - KEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat
DO  - 10.15294/kemas.v21i4.38336
UR  - https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v21i4.38336
AB  - Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is a progressive and frequently underdiagnosed complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Limited early screening based on clinical risk factors in primary healthcare settings in Indonesia contributes to delayed diagnosis, increasing the likelihood of advanced neuropathy, foot ulceration, and lower-limb amputation. This study aimed to identify respondent characteristics and analyze risk factors associated with DPN among individuals with T2DM. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 162 patients with T2DM in the Bogor Primary Healthcare area. The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) was used to assess neuropathic symptoms, and a physical foot examination was performed. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression. The majority of respondents were aged 35–60 years (56.2%), female (69.1%), and had a duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) of <5 years (71.6%). 75.3% of respondents showed signs of Neuropathy, with the most common symptoms being dry and cracked skin on the feet (93.1%), muscle cramps (75.9%), and numbness (74.1%). No active ulcers were found (0%), and none had a previous diagnosis of Neuropathy. Bivariate analysis showed that age (p=0.004), duration of diabetes mellitus (p=0.030), and random blood sugar (p=0.000) were significantly associated with NPD. Logistic regression identified hyperglycemia (AOR=6.50; 95% CI = 2.65–15.85) and age ≥35 years (AOR=2.16; 95% CI 1.12–4.28) as independent predictors of NPD (Nagelkerke R²=0.27). Peripheral Neuropathy was highly prevalent even among patients with a short diabetes duration and had not been clinically diagnosed previously.
SN  - 1858-1196
SN  - 2355-3596
ER  -