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PreprintCC BY 4.0arXiv

How dipolar interactions structure molecular droplets

  • Wiiliam Freitas
  • Panagiotis Giannakeas
  • Jan M. Rost
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Abstract

We investigate how dipolar interactions between microwave-shielded polar molecules structure the self-bound droplets formed under variation of the interaction strength. We identify the transition from droplets to crystals as a finite-size first order transition. With droplet-ring states and transitional supersolid states we predict additional structure in the crystal and droplet phases, respectively. To describe this strongly correlated regime, and in particular the reconfiguration of quantum ground states, we design a variational Monte Carlo framework based on neural quantum states. It is especially suitable to describe ground states and almost degenerate states with very different configurations. Moreover, one can easily determine the superfluid fraction. Our results reveal the sequence of finite-size structures through which dipolar interactions reorganize molecular droplets into crystals.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{freitas2026dipolar,
  title = {{How dipolar interactions structure molecular droplets}},
  author = {Wiiliam Freitas and Panagiotis Giannakeas and Jan M. Rost},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.05344},
  eprint = {2609.05344},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05344},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - How dipolar interactions structure molecular droplets
AU  - Wiiliam Freitas
AU  - Panagiotis Giannakeas
AU  - Jan M. Rost
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/04
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.05344
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05344
AB  - We investigate how dipolar interactions between microwave-shielded polar molecules structure the self-bound droplets formed under variation of the interaction strength. We identify the transition from droplets to crystals as a finite-size first order transition. With droplet-ring states and transitional supersolid states we predict additional structure in the crystal and droplet phases, respectively. To describe this strongly correlated regime, and in particular the reconfiguration of quantum ground states, we design a variational Monte Carlo framework based on neural quantum states. It is especially suitable to describe ground states and almost degenerate states with very different configurations. Moreover, one can easily determine the superfluid fraction. Our results reveal the sequence of finite-size structures through which dipolar interactions reorganize molecular droplets into crystals.
ER  -